Table 1.

Study designs and outcomes.

Authors	Location	Year	Study name	Chronic condition studied	Sample size	Sample size of those who completed all assessments	Clinical setting	Study design	Program duration	Depression- specific outcome measures	Empirical support
Cancer
Dwight et al. [22]	Los Angeles, CA	2005	Multifaceted Oncology Depression Program (pilot for Ell et al.)	Breast or cervical cancer and major depressive disorder, dysthymia or persistent depressive symptoms at baseline and 1-month follow-up	55	36	Public-sector oncology clinics	RCT	8 weeks	PHQ-9	ITT: Significantly more participants had a 50% decrease in depressive symptoms in integrated vs. usual care at month 8 (37% vs. 12%)
Ell et al. [20,21]	Los Angeles, CA	2008; 2011 (1-year follow-up)	Alleviating Depression Among Patients with Cancer (ADAPt-c)	Cancer and major depressive disorder or dysthymia	472	Month 6: ADAPT-c=166, enhanced usual care=152; month 12: ADAPT-c=144, enhanced usual care=114; month 24: ADAPT-c=111, enhanced usual care=99	Outpatient oncology clinic	RCT	Up to 12 months	PHQ-9; Antidepressant medication prescription rates	ITT: Significantly more participants had a 50% decrease in depressive symptoms in integrated vs. enhanced usual care at months 12 (63% vs. 50%) and 24 (46% vs. 32%), but not at months 6 or 18. Significantly more participants achieved a 5-point decrease on PHQ-9 at months 12 (72.2% vs. 59.7%), 18 (69% vs. 55%) and 24 (54% vs. 37%) in integrated vs. enhanced usual care, but not at month 6. Significantly higher percentage of participants were in remission (PHQ-9 <5) in integrated vs. enhanced usual care only at month 18 (44% vs. 34%). Significantly higher percentage of participants were prescribed antidepressant medication in integrated vs. enhanced usual care only at month 12 (9% vs. 33%).
Strong et al. [24]	Southeast Scotland, UK	2008	Depression Care for People with Cancer (SMaRT oncology 1)	Cancer and major depressive disorder	200	196	Specialist cancer center	RCT	3 months	SCL-20; remission of depression (SCL-20 <0.75 or no diagnosis via SCID)	Completer: significantly lower median SCL-20 score in integrated vs. usual care only at months 3 (1.20 vs. 1.55), 6 (1.03 vs. 1.51), and 12 (1.12 vs. 1.43); significantly greater number of participants showed at least a 50% decrease in depression symptoms in integrated vs. usual care at month 3 (53% vs. 34%); significantly more participants in remission of major depressive disorder via the SCL-20 (15% greater) and SCID (45% vs. 68%) in integrated vs. usual care.
Kroenke et al. [23]	Indiana	2010	Indiana Cancer Pain and Depression (INCPAD) trial	Cancer, cancer-related pain, and depression	405	Month 1: INCPAD=175, usual care=179; Month 3: INCPAD=169, usual care=166; Month 6: INCPAD=151, usual care=153; Month 12: INCPAD=134, usual care=135	Urban and rural oncology practices	RCT	12 months	SCL-20; PHQ-9; depression severity subscale of SF-36	ITT: Specific findings not reported, but said to be significant. Completer: significantly greater improvements in HSCL-20 depression severity in integrated vs. usual care. Between-group effect size differences were 0.31 (1 month), 0.42 (3 months), 0.45 (6 months) and 0.41 (12 months). Greater improvements in Mental Health Inventory depression severity and diagnostic status outcomes in integrated vs. usual care. Significantly fewer participants met PHQ-9 criteria for depression in integrated vs. usual care at months 3 and 12.
HIV/AIDS
Adams et al. [26]	Durham, NC	2011	–	HIV and depression	13	9	Outpatient infectious disease clinic	Uncontrolled intervention	12 weeks	PHQ-9	ITT: not reported; completers: mean PHQ-9 score significantly decreased (18.33 at baseline, 11.44 at week 12)
Coleman et al. [27]	Boston, MA	2012	–	HIV/AIDS and depression	123	66	HIV Clinic with colocated psychiatric consultation service	Retrospective chart review without control group	No time limit	BDI-II; antidepressant medication prescription rates	ITT: not reported; completer: significantly lower BDI-II scores between first and last appointments (23 vs. 15.7; follow-up time varied); higher percentage of patients prescribed antidepressant medications at posttreatment compared to baseline (70% vs. 55%).
Pyne et al. [29]	Atlanta, GA; Houston, TX; Little Rock, AR	2011	HIV Translating Initiatives for Depression into Effective Solutions (HITIDES)	HIV and depression	249	Month 6: HITIDES=109; usual care=117; Month 12: HITIDES=105; usual care=110	VA ambulatory specialty clinic for HIV	Single-blind RCT	Up to 12 months	Treatment response (50% decrease in SCL-20 score), remission (mean SCL-20 item score <0.5) and depression-free days; antidepressant medication prescription rates; self-report antidepressant medication adherence	Significantly greater treatment response (33% vs. 17.5%) and remission rates (22% vs. 12%) in integrated vs. usual care at month 6, but not at month 12; significantly more depression-free days in integrated vs. usual care at month 12; no significant differences in antidepressant prescription rates or adherence in integrated vs. usual care at month 6 or 12.
Multiple sclerosis
Patten et al. [30]	Calgary, Canada	2007	–	Multiple sclerosis and depression	90	22	University of Calgary multiple sclerosis clinic	Nonrandomized controlled trial	6 months	MINI (depression diagnosis); antidepressant medication prescription rates and dose	ITT: no significant difference in percentage of patients with depression between integrated vs. usual care at month 6 (33.3% vs. 55.2%); no significant differences in percentage of patients prescribed antidepressants in integrated vs. usual care at month 6 (59.3% vs. 48.3) or the number taking an adequate dose in integrated vs. usual care at month 6 (62.5% vs. 71.4%).

ITT, intent to treat; Completer, analyses that use only participants who completed all assessments; CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; MEMS, Medication event Monitoring System; HSCL-20, Hopkins Symptom Checklist-20; HRS-D, Hamilton Rating Scale-Depression; PRIME-MD, Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders; –, not reported; SF-36: Short Form Health Survey.