Table 5.
Bivariate and adjusted associations between food access and purchasing practice indicators, diet and BMI; baseline data from the Pittsburgh Hill/Homewood Research on Eating, Shopping and Health (PHRESH) study, May–December 2011
| BMI | Healthy Eating Index-2005 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food access and purchasing practice indicator | Category | Unadjusted bivariate | Adjusted† association | Unadjusted bivariate | Adjusted† association |
| Distance to the nearest full-service supermarket (miles) | 0·29 | 0·21 | −0·34 | −0·01 | |
| Distance to major food shopping (miles) | 0·18** | 0·12 | 0·003 | 0·06 | |
| Drive or get a ride to food shopping | 0·36 | 0·18 | 2·46** | 1·28 | |
| Store type where respondent shops | Supercentre | 1·72* | 1·05 | 0·04 | 1·13 |
| Wholesale club | 1·52 | 0·90 | 2·65 | 2·21 | |
| Discount grocery store | 2·08 | 1·45 | −0·79 | 0·81 | |
| Specialty grocery store | −2·95 | −3·10 | 7·70** | 6·96** | |
| Meat/seafood market | −2·06 | −2·82 | −3·93 | −1·69 | |
| Shopping frequency | 0·01 | 0·16 | 0·81 | 0·47 | |
| Shopping duration (min) | 0·01* | 0·005 | −0·01 | −0·004 | |
| Food expenditures per person per week | −0·01 | −0·0003 | 0·01 | 0·004 | |
*P<0·01, **P<0·001.
†
Adjusted for age, gender, household income, educational attainment, marital status and number of children in the household.