Fig. 1.

Analysis of T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of healthy controls (HC) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. a Repertoire diversity as measured by the number of clonotypes per normalized blood volume, HC vs SLE (Mann–Whitney test). b Evenness of clonotype distribution using Gini coefficient, HC vs SLE (Mann–Whitney test). c and d Scatterplot of clonotypes exceeding >0.01 % clonal size of the total reads, for HC (C) and SLE (D). Clonal size >1 % (red horizontal line) designates highly expanded clones (HEC). e Frequency distribution of clones by size difference between HC and SLE. Mean values with error bars representing + standard deviation (SD) are plotted for clonal sizes >0.01 %, >0.1 %, and >1.0 % (Mann–Whitney test). f Proportion of total repertoire occupied by clonal groups defined by the top 50, the >95^th percentile and the <95^th percentile of clones. Mean values with error bars representing ±SD are shown. HC vs SLE; top 50 clones group, P = 0.913, >95^th percentile group, P = 0.913 (Mann–Whitney test)