Table 2.

Ecological perspective with a focus on justice as applied to M-RD centers

Interdependence	Personal
	∙ Effects of M-RD on detained migrants’ various spheres of life and person-environment interdependence
	∙ The impact of mandatory deportation on the lives of migrants and their families
	∙ Professionals’ experience of M-RD work environments and its effects in terms of other spheres of life/person-environment interdependences
	Interpersonal
	∙ Interdependences among groups (detainees-detainees; professionals-professionals; detainees-professionals): Psychological sense(s) of community
	Organizational
	∙ Interactions and mutual influences among entities/services within M-RD centers
	∙ Interdependences between M-RD centers and external services
	Communal
	∙ Interrelations between social, political, economic trends and M-RD centers (e.g., ways policies are filtered and implemented)
Cycling of Resources	Personal
	∙ Personal/social resources that facilitate detainees’ task of surviving, furthering their resiliencies
	∙ Personal/social resources that facilitate professionals’ adaptation to M-RD work environments, and the performance of their role
	Interpersonal
	∙ Detainees’ and professionals’ social networks: nature and extent, quality of relationships, types of support exchanged
	Organizational
	∙ Accessibility, acceptability, perceived utility of services within M-RD centers: effectiveness in addressing detainees’ needs
	∙ Role of alternative settings and types of support exchanged within them
	Communal
	∙ Role of local, national, supranational policies/other macro trends in defining how resources are created, managed, distributed among/within M-RD centers
Adaptation	Personal
	∙ Strategies put in place by detainees to survive and resist in M-RD centers: Political agency
	∙ Strategies put in place by professionals to adjust to M-RD work environments and perform their activity
	∙ Diversity of experiences, conditions, needs that characterize migrants in detention
	Interpersonal
	∙ Competitions between members of different groups (detainees vs. detainees; professionals vs. professionals; detainees vs. professionals; insiders vs. outsiders)
	Organizational
	∙ Influence of norms, values, beliefs, processes, formal/informal power structures on the experiences of detainees and professionals
	∙ Degree of cultural sensitivity/cultural competence of professionals
	Communal
	∙ Influences of cultural, social, political, economic, factors: Social norms/beliefs regarding undocumented migration and M-RD, their causes, consequences, and possible solutions Immigration policies at local, national, supranational level and broad economic trends Role of public opinion and media
Succession	Personal
	∙ Longitudinal understanding of the experiences of people subject to M-RD (pre-migration expectations/motivations; migratory trajectories; settlement experiences; documented/undocumented status over time; life in detention)
	∙ Long-term effects of detention
	∙ Post-detention/post-deportation experiences
	∙ Long-term effects of working in M-RD centers (professionals’ work-related stress/burnout)
	Interpersonal
	∙ Impact, over time, of internal shifts and external forces on the availability/distribution of power/resources within M-RD centers, and the relationships between groups
	Organizational
	∙ Evolution of the assumptions underlying the creation of M-RD centers (historical development of undocumented migration/the mechanisms implemented to deal with it)
	∙ Evolution of institutional cultures and practices within M-RD centers
	Communal
	∙ Effects, over time, of social, economic, legislative, political changes on the lives of undocumented migrants/the ecology of M-RD centers (e.g., change in migration flows/routes and promulgation of new regulations)
Justice	Personal (Distributive and Procedural Justice)
	∙ Detainees’ self-conception, self-consideration, self-esteem: internalization of the self-deprecating views about themselves as “illegal migrants”
	∙ Occurrence of behaviors causing self-pleasure or self-suffering
	Interpersonal (Distributive, Procedural, Relational, and Developmental Justice)
	∙ Distribution of power and resources between/within groups (professionals-detainees; detainees-detainees; professionals-professionals)
	∙ Criteria and processes guiding the distribution of power and resources between/within groups
	∙ Fairness, humanity, decency, respect at all level of relationships
	∙ Adequacy of the expectations about detainees’ behavior with respect to their maturational stage
	∙ Situations of power abuse (and related use of violence)
	Organizational (Distributive, Procedural, Relational/Cultural, and Informational Justice)
	∙ Distribution of power, resources, services between/within M-RD centers
	∙ Criteria and processes guiding the distribution of power, resources, services between/within M-RD centers
	∙ Fairness of treatment received by detainees inside M-RD centers
	∙ Degree of cultural sensitivity/cultural competence of professionals: occurrence of episodes of discrimination
	∙ Comprehensiveness, transparency, clarity of information provided to detained migrants about their immigration/asylum cases and the rules that govern the life in detention
	∙ Directionality of the information flow/adequacy of the information exchange between institutional actors
	Communal (Distributive, Procedural, Retributive, and Cultural Justice)
	∙ Restriction of undocumented migrants’ access to basic rights enjoyed by national citizens (e.g., healthcare, education, safety), above all self-determination and freedom: multiple consequences
	∙ Treatment of undocumented migrants on the basis of their status (administrative detention)
	∙ Relationship between immigration status and the guarantee of rights established by national regulations/international agreements (e.g., Universal Declaration of Human Rights)
	∙ Intertwinement between gender, sexuality, race or ethnicity, class and regimes of M-RD (which groups are more exposed to M-RD/deportation and how their condition shapes their experiences in detention)