Table 1.
Subject characteristics
| Healthy controls | NSCLC | NSCLC pre-cachexia | NSCLC cachexia | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (m/f) | 22 (13/9) | 26 (17/9) | 10 (8/2) | 16 (9/7) |
| Age (years) | 61.4 ± 7.0 | 60.8 ± 9.0 | 62.4 ± 10.4 | 59.8 ± 8.2 |
| Disease stagea: IIIB (%)/IV (%) | — | 38/62 | 60/40 | 25/75 |
| Histology: adenocarcinoma (%)/squamous cell (%) | — | 61/39 | 70/30 | 56/44 |
| Smoking: (current %/former %/never %) | 5/54/22 | 38/58/4* | 20/80/0* | 50/44/6* |
| FEV1f (% predicted) | 114.7 ± 19.3 | 66.7 ± 18.6* | 77.0 ± 18.4* | 61.9 ± 17.2* |
| FVCg (% predicted) | 125.4 ± 13.8 | 83.2 ± 22.1* | 100.0 ± 9.9* | 75.5 ± 22.0*† |
| Tiffeneau index | 0.74 ± 0.08 | 0.64 ± 0.13* | 0.60 ± 0.12* | 0.65 ± 0.13* |
| Mean weight loss in 6 months prior to diagnosis (%)b | 0 ± 0 | 8.0 ± 6.7* | 1.7 ± 1.4 | 12.0 ± 5.5*† |
| Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) | 24.1 ± 3.3 | 24.0 ± 4.5 | 25.7 ± 3.4 | 23.0 ± 4.8 |
| Fat-free mass index (FFMI) (kg/m2) | 18.4 ± 2.2 | 17.2 ± 2.5 | 18.5 ± 1.6 | 16.5 ± 2.7* |
| Appendicular fat-free mass index (kg/m2) | 8.1 ± 1.1 | 7.0 ± 1.1* | 7.7 ± 0.8 | 6.6 ± 1.0*† |
| Leg fat-free mass index (kg/m2) | 6.1 ± 0.8 | 5.2 ± 0.8* | 5.7 ± 0.6 | 4.9 ± 0.7*† |
| Sarcopenia (N) | 0 | 12* | 2 | 10*† |
| IL-6 (pg/ml)d | 56.7 ± 33.2 | 120.4 ± 107.7* | 70.1 ± 50.8 | 151.8 ± 122.6*† |
| TNF-α (pg/ml)d | 105.7 ± 43.8 | 117.0 ± 93.1 | 131.6 ± 129.9 | 106.6 ± 58.1 |
| Soluble TNF receptor 1 (pg/ml)e | 2404 ± 728 | 3712 ± 1449* | 3482 ± 1747* | 3855 ± 1270* |
| Peak torque flexion 180°/s (Nm) | 64.3 ± 25.5 | 34.7 ± 15.4* | 37.6 ± 14.2* | 32.9 ± 16.3* |
| Peak torque extension 180°/s (Nm) | 75.8 ± 27.6 | 40.8 ± 17.9* | 51.2 ± 17.5* | 34.2 ± 15.0* |
| Peak torque flexion 60° (Nm) | 77.4 ± 19.8 | 60.2 ± 22.4* | 71.0 ± 25.3 | 53.4 ± 18.1*† |
| Peak torque extension 60° (Nm) | 137.1 ± 35.5 | 109.8 ± 39.8* | 133.0 ± 40.2 | 95.3 ± 32.8*† |
NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer.
a
Stage of non-small cell lung cancer according to the 6th tumour–node–metastasis classification system.
b
Mean percentage of within patient weight loss in the 6 months prior to diagnosis.
c
Interleukin-6.
d
Tumour necrosis factor alpha.
e
Soluble tumour necrosis factor alpha receptor 1.
f
Quality of Life Questionnaire C30.
g
Medical Studies Study Short Form-20 (physical performance questionnaire).
h
Forced expiratory volume in one second.
i
Forced vital capacity.
*
Statistically significant difference compared with healthy controls (P < 0.05).
†
Statistically significant difference compared to pre-cachexia (P < 0.05).
Data represent mean ± SD.