Table 1.

Pharmacogenetic Medication Trials for Nicotine Abuse

Gene	Polymorphism	Treatment Medication	Sample Size	Population	Treatment × Genotype Finding* ↑ More effective ↓ Less effective ↔ No interaction	Citation
ANKK1	rs1800497	Bupropion	577	German	↑ CC genotype	Breitling et al., 2010
	rs1800497	Transdermal Nicotine	755	Primarily Caucasian (98%)	↑ CT/TT genotypes	Johnstone et al. (2004)
	rs1800497	Transdermal Nicotine	752	European	↑ CT/TT genotypes (women only)	Yudkin et al. (2004)
	rs1800497	Bupropion	722	Caucasian /European Ancestry	↑A2/A2 (CC) genotype	David et al. (2007b)
	rs1800497	Transdermal Nicotine	908	European or Unknown Ancestry	↓ CT/TT genotypes	Munafo et al. (2009)
	rs1800497	Transdermal Nicotine	419	Primarily Caucasian/European	↔	Stapleton et al. (2011)
	rs1800497	Rimonabant	76	European Decent	↑A2/A2 (CC) genotype	Wilcox et al. (2011)
ARRB2	rs1045280 rs2036657	NRT (transdermal, nasal spray)	374	European Ancestry	↔	Ray et al. (2007)
CHRNA4	rs2236196	NRT (all formulations)	316	European Ancestry	↔	Hutchison et al. (2007)
CHRNB2	rs2072661	Bupropion	412	European	↔	Conti et al. (2008)
	rs2072661	Transdermal Nicotine	156	European	↑ GG genotype	Perkins et al. (2009)
COMT	Val158Met: rs4680	NRT (transdermal nicotine, nicotine spray)	290	Females of European and African ancestry	↑ Met/Met	Colilla et al. (2005)
	rs4680	Transdermal Nicotine	749	European	↑ Met/Met	Johnstone et al. (2007)
	rs737865 rs165599	Bupropion	511	Caucasian- and African-American	↑ A/G allele of rs165599 ↑ GG at both SNPs (AA participants only)	Berrettini et al. (2007)
CYP2A6		Bupropion	414	European	↑ Fast metabolizers	Patterson et al. (2008)
		Transdermal Nicotine	568	European	↓ Fast metabolizers	Schnoll et al. (2009)
	CYP2A6 CHRNA5: rs1696998, rs680244	Bupropion NRT (lozenge, transdermal) Bupropion + NRT	709	Caucasian -American	↑ Fast metabolizers (NRT) ↑ CYP2A6: Fast metabolizers + CHRNA5: GG/TT,GA/CT, AA/CC (NRT)	Chen et al. (2014)
CYP2B6	C1459T: rs3211371	Bupropion	426	Caucasian-European	↑Female CT/TT	Lerman et al. (2002)
	CYP2B6: rs3211371 ANKK1: rs1800497 SLC6A3 3’ VNTR: rs27072	Bupropion	291	European	↑ CYP2B6 CT/TT variant + ANKK1 A2/A2	David et al. (2007b)
	*6	Bupropion	326	European Ancestry	↑ CYP2B6*6 carriers	Lee et al. (2007a)
	*1, *4, *6	NRT (transdermal, nasal spray)	369	European Ancestry	↔	Lee et al. (2007b)
DβH	DβH: rs77905 ANKK1: rs1800497	Transdermal Nicotine	755	Primarily Caucasian (98%)	↑ Taq1A CT/TT + DβH GA/AA genotypes	Johnstone et al. (2004)
	rs77905	Bupropion	577	German (98%)	↔	Breitling et al. (2010)
DRD2	−141C Ins/Del: rs1799732	NRT (transdermal, nasal spray)	368	European	↑ Smokers with at least one copy of the Del C allele	Lerman et al. (2006)
	rs1799732 FREQ: rs1054879	NRT (transdermal, nasal spray)	363	European	↑ Smokers with at least one copy of −141 Del allele and two copies of FREQ	Dahl et al. (2006)
	rs1799732	Bupropion	414	European	↑ Smokers homozygous for the Ins C allele	Lerman et al. (2006)
	C957T: rs6277	NRT (transdermal, nasal spray)	368	European	↑ C allele	Lerman et al. (2006)
	rs6277	Bupropion	414	European	↔	Lerman et al. (2006)
	Exon 8 A/G: rs6276	Transdermal Nicotine	755		↔	Johnstone et al. (2004)
DRD4	VNTR	Transdermal Nicotine	720	European Ancestry	↔	David et al. (2008)
	C-521T: rs1800955	Transdermal Nicotine	720	European	↔	David et al. (2008)
HINT1	rs3852209 rs2278060	NRT (transdermal, nasal spray)	374	European Ancestry	↑ rs3852209 TT genotype	Ray et al. (2007)
OPRM1	Asn40Asp (A118G): rs1799971	NRT (transdermal, nasal spray)	320	European	↑ G carriers w/transdermal nicotine (no interaction with nasal nicotine)	Lerman et al. (2004)
	rs1799971	Transdermal Nicotine	710	European Ancestry	↑ AA carriers	Munafo et al. (2007)
	rs1799971	NRT (transdermal, nasal spray)	374	European	↑ G carriers	Ray et al. (2007)
	rs1799971	Transdermal Nicotine	598	European Ancestry	↔	Munafo et al. (2013)
SLC6A3 ANKK1	3′ UTR VNTR Taq1A: rs1800497	Bupropion	418	European	↔	Lerman et al. (2003)
	3′ UTR VNTR Taq1A: rs1800497	Bupropion	416	European	↓ ANKK1 A1 and SLC6A3-9	Swan et al. (2007)
SLC6A3	3′ UTR VNTR	NRT (all formulations) Bupropion	583	European	↔	O'Gara et al. (2007)
	3′ UTR VNTR	Bupropion	291	European	↔	David et al. (2007b)
SLC6A4	5-HTTLPR	Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT): (transdermal patch, nasal spray)	397	European	↔	Munafo et al. (2006)
	5-HTTLPR	Transdermal patch	741	European	↔	David et al. (2007c)
	5-HTTLPR	Bupropion Nortriptyline	214	Caucasian	↑ carriers L-variant (rs25531) Bupropion ↑ carriers of 3 combined high-activity variants Bupropion & Nortriptyline	Quaak et al. (2012)

^*Relationship between genotype and pharmacotherapy effectiveness outcome