Table 1.

Histone and DNA modifiers involved in pancreas development and phenotypes

Modifier	Genotype	Experimental conditions	Phenotype	Ref.
Polycomb repressive complex 2
Ezh2	FoxA3Cre; Ezh2fl/fl	Conditional deletion in foregut endoderm	Ventral pancreatic bud expansion	[19]
	Pdx1Cre; Ezh2fl/+	Conditional heterozygous in pancreas progenitors	Increased number of endocrine progenitors and β-cells	[35]
	Pdx1Cre; Ezh2fl/fl	Conditional homozygous deletion in pancreas progenitors	Increased β-cells at birth; β-cell proliferation defects	[35]
	p48Cre; Ezh2fl/fl	Conditional deletion in pancreas progenitors	Pancreas regeneration defects after cerulein-induced pancreatitis	[43]
	RIPCre; Ezh2fl/fl	Conditional deletion in insulin producing cells	Decline in β-cell proliferation	[39]
	RIPrtTA; Ezh2OE	Conditional OE of Ezh2 in insulin expressing cells	Combined with TrxG knockdown in isolated islets from old mice increased proliferation of β-cells.	[45]
Polycomb repressive complex 1
Bmi1	Bmi1−/−	Global knockout	No defects in pancreas development (assessed at 6w); defects in pancreas regeneration after pancreatitis	[42]
	Bmi1−/−	Global knockout	Severe defects in β-cell proliferation; reduced β-cell mass at 10w	[38]
	Bmi1+/−	Global heterozygote	Improved insulin sensitivity with reduced insulin secretion	[114]
Ring1b	Pdx1Cre; Ring1bfl/fl	Conditional homozygous deletion in pancreas progenitors	Impaired glucose tolerance	[44]
	RipCre; Ring1bfl/fl	Conditional deletion in insulin-producing cells	n/d	[44]
Histone acetyltransferases
P300	p300+/−	Global heterozygote	Expansion of ventral pancreatic bud	[19]
Gcn5l2	FoxA3Cre; Gcn5l2fl/fl	Conditional deletion in foregut endoderm	n/d	[19]
Class IIa Histone deacetylases
Hdac4	Hdac4−/−	Global knockout	Increased δ-cells in neonates	[37]
Hdac5	Hdac 5−/−	Global knockout	Increased δ- and β-cells at e18.5 and P7	[37]
Hdac9	Hdac 9−/−	Global knockout	Increased β-cells at e18.5 and P8	[37]
DNMTs
DNMT1	Pdx1Cre; Dnmt1fl/fl	Conditional deletion in pancreas progenitors	Pancreatic agenesis	[28]
	RIPCre; Dnmt1fl/fl	Conditional deletion in insulin producing cells	β- to α-cell conversion, glucose intolerance	[47]