Table 2.

Comparison of Direct Cost Categories by Presence of NEC, in 2012 USD

Variable	With NEC N = 29 M ± SD	Without NEC N = 262 M ± SD	p-value
NICU length of stay	85 ± 36	70 ± 33	0.022
NICU total costs	180,163 ± 100,824	134,494 ± 72,604	0.024
NICU total costs per day	2,032 ± 175	1,874 ± 170	<0.001
NICU total direct costs	111,398 ± 68,188	80,717 ± 48,028	0.025
NICU room and board	82,974 ± 455,551	65,414 ± 34,991	0.053
Pharmacy	11,900 ± 11,830	5,080 ± 4,194	0.005
Respiratory therapy	6,815 ± 6,677	4,395 ± 6,073	0.045
Laboratory and pathology	5,058 ± 3,756	2,698 ± 2,053	0.002
Diagnostics	2,483 ± 1,807	1,188 ± 1,246	<0.001
Surgery	1,042 ± 1,880	673 ± 1,351	0.313
Cardiology	511 ± 558	496 ± 667	0.904
Other therapies (speech, physical)	393 ± 353	423 ± 331	0.647
Other services	232 ± 558	348 ± 1,294	0.176
NICU total indirect costs	68,765 ± 39,307	53,777 ± 40,019	0.056

Note: M = mean; SD = standard deviation; NICU = neonatal intensive care unit