Table 2.

Factors associated with hypertension

Variable	n/N	Rural AOR 95% CI	P value	n/N	Urban AOR 95% CI	P value
Age in years
<20	4/41	1		20/220	1
20–39	104/756	1.19 (0.4–3.4)	0.746	396/2691	1.56 (0.9–2.6)	0.084
40–59	147/392	3.74 (1.3–10.9)	0.015	314/711	6.06 (4.1–10.9)	<0.001
60+	124/209	11.38 (3.3–29.3)	<0.001	121/173	17.26 (9.5–31.5)	<0.001
Sex
Male	129/547			240/1036
Female	250/851			611/2759
Social economic status
Poorest	15/110	1		206/1237	1
Poor	26/195	0.72 (0.4–3.5)	0.379	187/1061	1.01 (0.8–1.3)	0.932
Less poor	196/681	1.17 (0.6–2.2)	0.614	173/654	1.12 (0.9–1.5)	0.393
Least poor	142/412	1.63 (0.9–3.0)	0.126	285/843	1.22 (0.9–1.6)	0.110
Family history hypertension
No	272/1,091	1		534/2683	1
Yes	107/303	1.63 (1.2–2.2)	0.002	315/1102	1.21 (1.01–1.5)	0.043
Family history diabetes
No	348/1,303			744/3375
Yes	31/91			106/411
Current smoking
No	350/1296			808/3622
Yes	29/100			42/169
Harmful alcohol consumption
No	361/1,340			821/3699	1
Yes	18/56			28/91	1.77 (1.1–2.9)	0.029
BMI
<25	272/1,090	1		374/2197	1
>=25	107/308	1.33 (0.9–1.8)	0.073	475/1591	1.53 (1.3–1.8)	<0.001
Waist Hip Ratio
Normal	231/1023	1		540/2879	1
Elevated	148/375	1.51 (1.1–2.0)	0.005	311/915	1.42 (1.2–1.7)	0.001
Physical inactivity
No	334/1217	1		826/3673	1
Yes	45/177	0.89 (0.6–1.3)	0.579	23/110	1.07 (0.6–1.8)	0.806
Diabetes
No	356/1354	1		770/3621	1
Yes	23/44	2.66 (1.3–5.3)	0.005	81/173	1.82 (1.3–2.6)	0.001
HIV positive
No	340/1231			773/3270	1
Yes	26/114			43/352	0.40 (0.3–0.6)	<0.001
LDL cholesterol
Normal	359/1330			645/2881
High	7/15			168/739

Age confounds social economic status in both rural and urban settings