MCF10A pools expressing either WT or R280H hXRCC1 were treated with (A) 30 mM H2O2 for 30 min on ice and allowed to recover for 1, 2, and 6 hours or (B) 2mM MMS for 2 hours at 37°C and allowed to recover for 1, 2, and 4 hours. Cells were stained with FITC-conjugated γH2AX antibody and propidium iodide to assess the levels of double-strand breaks and the cell cycle phase, respectively, and analyzed by flow cytometry. Data are plotted as mean ± S.E. ** denotes p < 0.01.