Mice (n=4) were treated and sacrificed as described in Figure 2. (A–B) Increased blood neutrophil counts (A) and decreased spleen weight (B) were detected in Tipe−/− mice. (C and D) The colon from WT and Tipe−/− mice were harvested and lamina propria immune cells were isolated. After counting in a hemacytometer, the cells were stained with antibodies to T, B, and myeloid cell markers, and analyzed by flow cytometry. Increased total (C) and CD11b, CD11c, and B220 cells (D) were identified. Data shown are representatives of at least three experiments. *P<0.05; **P<0.01; *** P <0.001.