Table 7.

Observational studies and outcomes related to hypoglycaemia (chronological order)

Ref.	Year	Study pts	Study point	Non diabetic patients	Diabetic patients	Overall message
Krinsley and Grover[60]	2007	408	Risk factors for developing hypoglycaemia in ICU and outcomes	Severe hypoglycaemia associated with septic shock. Renal insufficiency, mechanical ventilation, illness severity and use of ITT	Associated with inc risk of severe hypoglycaemia (P < 0.01)DM had no association with mortality	Mortality in severe hypoglycaemia cohort 56% vs control cohort 40%, P < 0.01
Egi et al[61]	2010	4946	Hypoglycaemia vs risk of death in critically ill patients	Mild or moderate hypoglycaemia was associated with mortality in critically ill patientsMortality increases as severity of hypoglycaemia increases	Diabetic patients more likely to suffer from insulin-associated hypoglycaemia	22% of total patients had one episode of hypoglycaemiaHospital mortality: hypoglycaemic cohort 37% vs control cohort 20%, P < 0.01
Krinsely et al[33]	2011	62401	Mild hypoglycaemia (blood glucose level < 3.9 mmol/L) vs risk of mortality in critically ill patients.	Mild hypoglycaemia was associated with a significantly increased risk of mortality	The association between hypoglycaemia and mortality was independent of diabetic status	Inc severity of hypoglycaemia was associated with inc risk of mortalityHypoglycemic patients had higher mortality regardless of diagnostic category and ICU LOS
Krinsley et al[32]	2013	44964	Hyperglycaemia, hypoglycaemia, and glycemic variability vs mortality (and how DM effects this)	Inc mortality with higher mean blood glucose (≥ 7.8 mmol/L)Dec mortality with lower blood glucose (4.4-7.8 mmol/L)	Inc mortality with mean blood glucose between 4.4-6.1 mmol/LDec mortality when blood glucose were higher (6.2-10 mmol/L)	Hyperglycaemia, hypoglycaemia, and increased glycemic variability are independently associated with mortality in ICU patientsDiabetic status tempers these relations

¹Contains partial data from one prospective RCT (Glucontrol trial) and complete data from two observational cohorts (United States and The Netherlands). Inc: Increased; Dec: Decrease; LOS: Length of stay.