Table 5.
Flavonoid permeation and retention (µg/cm2) using intact and impaired skin and mucosa.
| QCT | LUT | 3-O-MQ | Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Skin | Intact | Epidermis | 0.35 ± 0.08 | 0.50 ± 0.05 | 1.30 ± 0.25 | 2.20 ± 0.29 |
| Dermis | ND | ND | 0.08 ± 0.02 | 0.08 ± 0.02 | ||
| Impaired | Epidermis | 1.04 ± 0.32* | 1.33 ± 0.26* | 4.63 ± 0.89* | 7.03 ± 1.19 | |
| Dermis | 0.18 ± 0.01 | 0.75 ± 0.14 | 2.41 ± 0.54* | 3.22 ± 0.73 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Mucosa | Intact | Upper layers | 0.60 ± 0.08# | 0.47 ± 0.07 | 1.97 ± 0.30 | 3.03 ± 0.44 |
| Deeper layers | 0.33 ± 0.07 | 0.31 ± 0.06 | 1.16 ± 0.22# | 1.80 ± 0.34 | ||
| Receptor | ND | ND | 0.68 ± 0.14 | 0.68 ± 0.14 | ||
| Impaired | Deeper layers | 2.25 ± 0.47∗# | 1.47 ± 0.34∗# | 7.47 ± 1.39∗# | 11.19 ± 2.18 | |
| Receptor | 1.69 ± 0.50 | 2.71 ± 0.53 | 3.22 ± 1.26* | 7.62 ± 1.32 | ||
ND: not detected; significant statistical differences were determined by Tukey's test (P < 0.05); differences between intact and impaired tissues were represented by ∗, while differences between skin and mucosa were represented by #.