Table 3.

Adjusted differences of the PCS and the MCS of SF-12, and other risk factors for the five populations

	Physical health composite score (PCS)				Mental health composite score (MCS)
	Difference	95% CI		p Value	Difference	95% CI		p Value
London	(reference)
Kaunas	0.19	−1.48	1.86	0.827	4.88	3.15	6.60	0.000
Warsaw	3.57	1.02	6.12	0.006	0.57	−2.10	3.23	0.677
Dijon	2.48	0.56	4.41	0.012	−8.39	−10.39	−6.40	0.000
Sesto Fiorentino	5.79	3.28	8.29	0.000	−4.33	−6.94	−1.71	0.001
Age	−0.25	−0.29	−0.20	0.000	−0.05	−0.10	0.00	0.037
GCS (verbal component score 5)	1.77	0.20	3.34	0.027	3.58	1.94	5.22	0.000
Able to walk without help	3.83	2.50	5.15	0.000	1.76	0.37	3.16	0.013
Able to lift arms horizontally	3.88	2.51	5.25	0.000	1.41	−0.03	2.85	0.055
Physically independent (BI=20)	3.61	−0.66	7.88	0.098	1.76	−2.71	6.23	0.440
Pass swallow test	0.42	−1.25	2.08	0.625	1.10	−0.64	2.85	0.216
Incontinent/catheterised	−4.27	−6.96	−1.58	0.002	−4.68	−7.36	−2.01	0.001

Estimates were obtained using a mixed effect regression model based on repeated measures at 3 months and 1 year after stroke. Adjustment was made for age and severity measures including the verbal components of GCS (speech orientation); arm power; ability to walk; swallowing; incontinent or being catheterised in the acute phase. Estimates were approximated to two decimal places, and p values were approximated to three decimal places, ‘0’ may represent a very small positive or negative value that has been approximated.

GCS <5: not fully oriented; GCS score 5: oriented speech.

BI, Barthel Index; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; MCS, mental component summary; PCS, physical component summary; SF-12, Short-Form Health Survey.