Table 1.
Social-demographic and clinical characteristics of the four experimental groups.
| Healthy subjects N = 20 | PD patients without MCI N = 33 | PD patients with MCI N = 48 | F values | p values | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 66.0 (7.0) | 63.4 (8.7) | 66.0 (9.0) | 1.02 | 0.37 |
| Years of formal education | 12.3 (3.6) | 12.6 (3.0) | 11.4 (4.3) | 1.08 | 0.34 |
| MMSE | 29.4 (0.8)* | 29.4 (0.8)** | 28.5 (1.4) | 8.13 | 0.001 |
| BDI | 6.5 (5.7) | 8.7 (6.9) | 8.7 (7.3) | 0.65 | 0.52 |
| AES | 27.7 (4.6) | 29.1 (8.9) | 32.1 (6.9) | 1.94 | 0.065 |
| Pill questionnaire | — | 3.79 (0.54) | 3.08 (1.05) | 6.90 | 0.001 |
| IADL | — | 7.4 (1.1) | 6.8 (1.4) | 1.76 | 0.074 |
| Disease duration | — | 6.9 (4.7) | 6.3 (4.1) | 0.41 | 0.52 |
| UPDRS—Part III (“on” condition) | — | 19.7 (13.5) | 22.4 (11.7) | 0.92 | 0.34 |
| Levodopa equivalents | — | 607 (230) | 616 (259) | 0.03 | 0.87 |
*Indicates a significant difference between healthy subjects and PD individuals with MCI, with a p value ≤0.01 as results from LSD post hoc tests; ** Indicates a significant difference between PD patients without MCI and the PD individuals with MCI with p < 0.01. SDMCI, single domain mild cognitive impairment; MDMCI, multiple domains mild cognitive impairment; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; AES, Apathy Evaluation Scale; IADL, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; UPDRS, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale.