Table 2.

Relationship Between the Brief Chronic Pain Questionnaire and Other Variables

Cross-sectional measures	Chronic paina N=30	No chronic paina N=70	p-valueb
Age (median, IQR)	49 (39–55)	45 (36–53)	0.23
Impaired mobility	13 (43%)	8 (12%)	0.001
Impaired usual activities	14 (47%)	8 (12%)	<0.001
Health state thermometer (median, IQR)	70 (51–80)	84 (70–98)	0.002
Pain	24 (80%)	18 (27%)	<0.001
Depression	9 (30%)	10 (15%)	0.10
Anxiety	13 (43%)	7 (10%)	<0.001
Substance use	2 (7%)	3 (4%)	0.64
Suboptimal antiretroviral therapy adherence	9 (33%)	16 (26%)	0.61

Repeated reports of measurec	Chronic pain N=30	Acute pain N=12	p-valuea
Pain	15 (65%)	3 (33%)	0.13
Depression	4 (17%)	1 (11%)	1.000
Anxiety	6 (26%)	2 (25%)	1.000
Impaired mobility	6 (26%)	0 (0%)	0.30
Impaired usual activities	7 (30%)	0 (0%)	0.15

^a“Chronic pain” is defined as at least mild pain for >3 months based on the Brief Chronic Pain Questionnaire (BCPQ); “No chronic pain” is defined as pain of less than mild severity, no pain, or pain of any severity for <3 months.

^bParticipants with and without chronic pain were compared using the Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables and the Fisher's exact test for categorical variables.

^cPresence of positive result on measure (e.g., “pain today”) over two points in time (two measures >3 months apart within 18 months with a “positive” result).

Missing values: impaired mobility, no chronic pain 3; impaired usual activities, no chronic pain 4; health state thermometer, chronic pain 1, health state thermometer, no chronic pain 8; pain, no chronic pain 3; depression, no chronic pain 3; substance use, no chronic pain 3; suboptimal adherence, no chronic pain 3; pain, chronic pain 7; depression, chronic pain 7; anxiety, chronic pain 7; impaired mobility, chronic pain 7; impaired usual activities, chronic pain 7; pain, acute pain 3; depression, acute pain 3; anxiety, acute pain 4; impaired mobility, acute pain 4; impaired usual activities, acute pain 3.