FIG. 2.

mRNA for interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, human defensin (HD)5, human β defensin (HBD)-1, HBD-2, and MyD88 was quantified from biopsy tissue by real time (RT)-PCR. mRNA levels were log-transformed, expressed relative to large ribosomal protein (RPLPO), and compared across groups by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni correction for post hoc pairwise comparisons. As a secondary analysis, HIV-infected participants (all HIV) were stratified by detectable (HIV^DVL) vs. nondetectable (HIV^NDVL) plasma viral load; mRNA levels did not differ significantly for any mediator between the HIV^DVL and HIV^NDVL groups (p>0.05 for all). (a) Mean IL-6 mRNA levels did not differ significantly between ulcerative colitis (UC) and all HIV participants (p=0.48) but were significantly higher in all HIV participants vs. controls. (b) IL-8 mRNA levels were similar between UC and all HIV participants (p=1.0) and differed significantly in both groups from those observed in controls. (c) Mean HD5 mRNA levels were similar between UC and all HIV participants (p=1.0) but were significantly higher in both groups relative to controls. (d) Mean HBD-1 mRNA levels were significantly lower in UC compared to all HIV participants. (e) Mean HBD-2 levels were significantly higher in UC compared to all HIV and control participants. (f) Mean MyD88 mRNA levels were significantly higher in UC compared to all HIV participants.