Table 2.
Association between geophagy* and Fecal EE markers
| Outcome | Median (25th, 75th percentile) | Total N | Observed geophagy† coefficient (95% CI) | Caregiver-reported geophagy‡ coefficient (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age adjusted | Fully adjusted§ | Age adjusted | Fully adjusted§ | |||
| Calprotectin (μg/g) | 402.67 (193.37, 822.30) | 216 | 12.87 (−250.56, 276.29) | 17.98 (−246.88, 282.84) | 226.67 (3.55, 449.79)∥ | 237.38 (12.77, 462.00)∥ |
| EE score | 5.00 (3.00, 7.00) | 216 | −0.45 (−1.28, 0.38) | −0.42 (−1.25, 0.42) | 0.66 (−0.05, 1.37) | 0.72 (0.01, 1.42)∥ |
| Alpha-1-antitrypsin (mg/g) | 0.26 (0.16, 0.51) | 216 | −0.01 (−0.16, 0.14) | −0.01 (−0.16, 0.14) | 0.06 (−0.07, 0.19) | 0.06 (−0.07, 0.19) |
| Myeloperoxidase (ng/mL) | 3,576.75 (1,969.50, 5,998.00) | 216 | −1,798.66 (−3,910.48, 313.16) | −1,857.88 (−3,989.53, 273.77) | 1,390.04 (−417.54, 3,197.63) | 1,353.39 (−474.74, 3,181.52) |
| Neopterin (nmol/L) | 1505.00 (572.00, 3,011.00) | 216 | −347.10 (−1,245.90, 551.69) | −398.11 (−1,294.70, 498.48) | −14.74 (−784.17, 754.69) | −72.83 (−841.61, 695.95) |
CI = confidence interval; EE = environmental enteropathy.
*
Children with at least one reported geophagy event.
†
Observed geophagy: geophagy observed during 5-hour structured observation.
‡
Caregiver-reported geophagy: caregiver reporting a geophagy event in the past week.
§
Fully adjusted models adjust for age, age squared, caregiver educational level, and family size.
∥
P value < 0.05.