Table 4.

Association between geophagy and growth measurements at 9-month follow-up (N = 205)

Outcome	%	Observed geophagy OR (95% CI)†		Caregiver-reported geophagy OR (95% CI)‡
		Age adjusted	Fully adjusted*	Age adjusted	Fully adjusted*
Proportion WAZ < −2	24	1.15 (0.49, 2.72)	1.14 (0.48, 2.71)	1.19 (0.56, 2.51)	1.17 (0.55, 2.49)
Proportion HAZ < −2	34	1.81 (0.85, 3.89)	1.89 (0.87, 4.09)	2.23 (1.23, 4.38)†	2.27 (1.14, 4.51)†
Proportion WHZ < −2	7	1.57 (0.45, 5.48)	1.59 (0.45, 5.64)	2.38 (0.76, 7.44)	2.22 (0.70, 7.08)

CI = confidence interval; HAZ = length/height-for-age z-score; OR = odds ratio; WAZ = weight-for-age z-score; WHZ = weight-for-length/height z-score.

^*Fully adjusted models adjust for age, age squared, caregiver educational level, and family size.

^†Observed geophagy: geophagy observed during 5-hour direct observation.

^‡Caregiver-reported geophagy: caregiver reporting a geophagy event in the past week.