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. 2015 Jun 8;5:10666. doi: 10.1038/srep10666

Figure 2. Engrafted hNP differentiated into neurons and glial cells at the site of dorsal root avulsion.

Figure 2

(a) The dorsal root entry zone was undisturbed by sham operations, whereas dorsal root avulsion (DRA) severely disrupted the spinal cord surface and led to the formation of a glial scar. Engrafted hNP were found in the vicinity of the injured dorsal horn associated with the surface of the spinal cord. Scale bar, 50 μm. (b+c) Engrafted hNP at the site of DRA gave rise to neurons characterized by the expression of MAP2 and DCX, and glial cells positive for human-specific GFAP. Scale bars, 25 μm. (d) three to five months after transplantation, hNP showed continuous neuronal differentiation indicated by decreasing expression of DCX and stable expression of MAP2. Y-axis shows percent of MAP2+ or DCX+ cells of the total number of HuNu+ cells per section. Data shown in d is in mean ± SEM of 3 animals per time point. Asterisks indicate level of statistical significance by two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparison (**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001).