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. 2015 Jun 8;5:11170. doi: 10.1038/srep11170

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(a) A representative blastocyst embryo was stained differentially by OCT4 and CDX2 antibodies 96 h after IVF with AgNP-treated sperm cells. OCT4-positive cells (red) are putative inner cell mass (ICM), whereas CDX2-positive cells (green) are putative trophectoderm. (b) Number of total cells, ICM, and TE cells from the blastocyst stage embryos of (a). (c) ICM- and TE-specific mRNA expression analysis in blastocysts developed after IVF with AgNPs-treated sperm cells. The expression levels of ICM and TE associated genes were analyzed by real time RT-qPCR. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 versus the control group (Dunnett’s t-tests).