Fig. 9.

Effect of the TGR5 ligands on [Ca²⁺]_i transients in duct epithelia. Capan-1 cells were incubated with nominal 0 mM Ca²⁺ buffer (a, b) and thapsigargin (1 μM) to deplete intracellular Ca²⁺ stores. Thereafter, cells were gently perfused with physiological buffer to refill intracellular Ca²⁺ stores and after the fluorescence was relatively stable, solutions were changed to GPBAR-A (30 μM), CDCA (0.3 mM), or control. c, d The contribution of the sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) was tested. Cells were perfused with 5 mM Na⁺ buffer which increased [Ca²⁺]_i and this response was potentiated in the presence of GPBAR-A (30 μM). b, d Summary of data given as mean values ± SEM of 7–15 cells per each independent experiment (n). *= P < 0.05, ***= P < 0.001, N.S = not significant