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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jun 8.
Published in final edited form as: J Magn Reson Imaging. 2012 Jul;36(1):55–72. doi: 10.1002/jmri.23639

Figure 9.

Figure 9

a: Undersampled k-space data are collected from each coil, where the different coils are shown with different colors. The kernel (outlined by the dotted black box) consisting of some source points (solid circles) and target points (empty circles) defines the neighborhood of k-space points that will be used for the GRAPPA reconstruction. b: Additional data (auto-calibration signals, or ACS) are collected, usually near the center of k-space. c: The repetitions of the kernel through the ACS region are used to calculate the GRAPPA weights. d: The GRAPPA weights are then applied to fill in the missing k-space data from each coil to produce fully sampled single-coil data. e: The Fourier transform is used to obtain single-coil images, which are then combined to form a reconstructed full-FOV image. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.]