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A schematic diagram depicting the mechanism of MALAT1 mediated regulation of inflammation in the endothelium in hyperglycaemia. Hyperglycaemia initiates the inflammatory response cascade through MALAT1 mediated up-regulation of serum amyloid antigen, thus stimulating the induction of inflammatory markers IL-6 and TNF-α. IL-6 and TNF-α can then maintain a sustained endothelial inflammation which sets the stage for cardiovascular diseases especially under nutrient stress.
