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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2015 Feb 7;83:101–111. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.02.004

Figure 2. Proinflammatory signaling mechanisms and effect of cellular phenotype during aging.

Figure 2

Abbreviations and acronyms: Ang II: angiotensin II; Ets-1/2: the v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 1; MMPs: matrix metalloproteases; MFG-E8: milk fat globule epidermal growth factor-8; MCP-1: monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1; NO: nitric oxide; RAAS: renin angiotensin aldosterone system; SIRT1: silent information regulation 2 homolog 1; TGF-β1: transforming growth factor β1; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha; IL; interleukin; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells. ECs: endothelial cells; VSMCs: vascular smooth muscle cells; ECM: extracellular matrix