Table 1. MVA deletion mutants.
| MVA | Deleted ORF / Function (Reference) | Note |
|---|---|---|
| MVAwt | None | Not recombinant virus. Not modified virus. Used as a control. |
| MVA85A | None | Conventionally derived rMVA with 85A at the TK a . Used as a control for 85A responses. |
| MVA-BAC-85A | None | BAC recombineering-derived rMVA with 85A at the TK a locus. Contains BAC DNA and expresses GFP. Used as a control for 85A responses. |
| MVA-TIP | None | Contains BAC DNA, expresses GFP and encodes TIP antigen at TK a locus. Used as a control for TIP responses. |
| ΔC11-K3/B15-MVA | C11R / viral growth factor [32]. C10L / suggested IL-1 binding protein [33]. MVA008R, not in VACV COP b , but C12L in WR c )/ IL-18 binding protein [34]. D7L / RNA polymerase subunit [35]. MVA007R, and 009L-013L (fragmented, not in VACV COP b ) / cowpox host range genes [8]. C9L / (fragmented gene) [8]. C8L / unknown. C7L / human cells host range gene [36, 37]. C6L / anti-IFN-β activation (IRF3/IRF7 inhibitor and Bcl-2 family) [38]. N1L / anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2 family) [39]. N2L / anti-IFN-β activation (IRF3 inhibitor and Bcl-2 family) [40]. K1L (inactive gene) / human cells host range gene [41]. K2L / cell fusion (serine protease) inhibitor [42]. K3L / anti-apoptotic (PKR inhibitor) [43]. B15R d / IL-1β binding protein [11]. | Contains BAC DNA, expresses GFP, and encodes TIP antigen at TK. |
| ΔB7-15-MVA | B7R / TNF-α soluble receptor and chemokine binding protein [44]. B8R (fragmented) / IFN-γ soluble receptor [45]. B9R / intracellular protein [46]. B10R / unknown. B11R / unknown. B12R / serine/threonine protein kinase[47]. B13R+14R (fragmented). B15R d / IL-1β binding protein [11]. | Contains BAC DNA, expresses GFP, and encodes TIP antigen at TK. |
| ΔA41-44/B15-MVA | A41L / CC-Chemokine binding protein [12]. A42R / Profilin homolog [48]. A43R / membrane protein [49]. SalF6R (MVA156R) / membrane glycoprotein [50, 51]. A44L / Hydroxysteroid deydrogenase [51]. B15R d / IL-1β binding protein [11]. | Contains BAC DNA, expresses GFP, and encodes TIP antigen at TK. |
| ΔA41-46/B15-MVA | Same as above, in addition to A45R / Inactive superoxide dismutase [52] and A46R / TLR signalling inhibitor [53]. | Contains BAC DNA, expresses GFP, and encodes TIP antigen at TK. |
| Δ15-MVA-TIP andΔ15-MVA-85A (i.e.ΔA41L to 46R & B7R to B15R) | A41L, A42R, A43R, A44L, A45R, A46R, B7R, B8R, B9R, B10R, B11R, B12R, B13R, B14R, and B15R d . In addition to SalF6R, which is located between A42R and A43R. All mentioned above. | Contains BAC DNA, expresses GFP, and encodes TIP antigen at TK. |
MVA deletion mutants used in this study. Different clusters of ORFs were deleted from the mutants, encoding proteins with different functions (mentioned with references). In a few cases, there were no known functions associated with ORFs. The mutants express the 85A or TIP antigens that were inserted at the TK locus. All mutants were made using MVA-BAC recombineering, therefore, all contain BAC DNA and GFP (green fluorescent protein) marker.
aTK: Thymidine kinase locus, used as an insertion site for the recombinant antigens.
bVACV COP: Vaccinia virus Copenhagen strain.
cWR: Vaccinia virus Western Reserve strain.
dThe ORF B15R is the MVA184R gene. It is named B15R in VACV WR while it is B16R in VACV COP. This made inconsistency in reporting this ORF as well as the downstream B fragment ORFs in the literature. Here, we report MVA184 as the B15R, consistent with our previous work [22], and in accordance with another report [11]. However, it was reported as B16R in another study [13]. This ORF encodes IL-1β binding protein [11].