Table 3.

Targets for new treatment strategies in the management of glaucoma.

IOP Lowering Strategies	Neuroprotective Strategies	Neuroregenerative Strategies
Increasing Trabecular Meshwork Outflow ROCK Endothelin-1 Nitric Oxide TGF-ß CTGF Adenosine Angiopoietin-like7 molecules Cannabinoids Cochlin Latrunculins Melatonin Ghrelin Increasing the Uveoscleral Outflow Angiotensin II Serotonin Ghrelin Cannabinoids Decreasing Aqueous Humor Production Forskolin Serotonin Cannabinoids Angiotensin II	Exitotoxicity NMDA antagonists (Memantine) Modulation of Müller cells Oxidative stress Antioxidants (α-tocopherol) Ginkgo Biloba Mitochondrial Dysfunction Mitochondrial targeted antioxidants (Q10) Inflammation- Abnormal Immune Response TNF-α Biological response modifiers (Ethanrecept) Agmatine Modulation of T-cell reaction (Cop-1) Modulation of PLA2-induced inflammation Protein Misfolding Agents targeting Aß Heat shock proteins Glial Cell Modulation TGF-ß, CNTF, PDGF Other Pathways Estradiol Statins Erythropoietin	Cell Repair Inflammatory stimulation (CNTF) Gene Therapy (Nogo Receptor interference) Surgical Approaches Lens Injury Stem Cell Therapy CNTF-secreting RPE cells MSC transplantation

Current treatment strategies. Abbreviations are: Rho-associated Kinase (ROCK), Tumor Growth Factor-ß (TGF-ß), Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), Phospholipase A2 (PLA2), Amyloid-ß (Aß), Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF), Platelet-derived Growth Factor (PDGF), Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells (RPE), Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC).