Table 1.
Summary of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) findings on default mode network (DMN) modulation associated with meditation practices.
| Meditation | References | DMN findings associated with meditation |
|---|---|---|
| Mindfulness | Farb et al. (2007) | Decreased fc between dmPFC and Insula, Decreased mPFC activity during task |
| FA | Brefczynski-Lewis et al. (2007) | Decreased DMN activations during distraction |
| LK | Lutz et al. (2008) | Increased activation in mPFC and PCC/precuneus during LK |
| LK | Engström and Söderfeldt (2010) | Increased activation in mPFC during LK |
| FA, OM | Manna et al. (2010) | DMN deactivation during FA Precuneus activation during OM |
| Brain wave Vibration | Jang et al. (2011) | Increased DMN rsfc to mPFC during rest Increased fc between PCC and dACC/dlPFC during rest, FA, OM, and LK |
| FA, OM, LK | Brewer et al. (2011) | Overall decrease in mPFC and PCC for FA, OM, and LK |
| FA | Hasenkamp et al. (2012) | Increase in mPFC and PCC during mind wandering |
| FA | Hasenkamp et al. (2012) | Increased fc between DMN hubs and orbitofrontalcortex/ventromedial PFC during FA |
| FA | Pagnoni (2012) | Decreased vPMC activity during FA Increased fc vPMC-right temporoparietal junction |
| FA, OM | Froeliger et al. (2012) | Increased fc DMN-DAN during meditation Increased fc across all networks during rest |
| Mindfulness | Taylor et al. (2013) | Decreased fc of mPFC to other DMN nodes during rest Increased fc between rIPL and PCC/PCU/dmPFC during rest |
| FA | Garrison et al. (2013) | PCC deactivations during FA |
| LK | Garrison et al. (2014) | Decreased PCC/PCU activation during LK Greater fc between PCC/PCU and left inferior frontal gyrus during LK |
| Acem Non-directive Concentrative | Xu et al. (2014) | Increased DMN activation during Acem non-directive meditation |
| FA, OM, LK vs. Task | Garrison et al. (2015) | Decreased DMN activity during meditation relative to task |
rs, resting state; fc, functional connectivity; d, dorsal; dm, dorsal medial; dl, dorsal lateral; vPMC, ventral posteromedial cortex; DAN, dorsal attention network; rIPL, right inferior parietal lobe.