Table 1.
Demographics, Hearing, and Cognitive Characteristics.
| Characteristics | Quiet | Noise | Range | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | (SD) | M | (SD) | Min/Max | |
| DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES | |||||
| Age (years) | 65.29 | (6.16) | 64.79 | (6.94) | 55/81 |
| Educationa | 3.71 | (1.04) | 3.92 | (1.06) | 2/5 |
| Healthb | 3.88 | (0.74) | 4.00 | (0.83) | 3/5 |
| HEARING CHARACTERISTICS | |||||
| QuickSINc | 1.33 | (1.39) | 2.38 | (1.64) | (−)1/(+)7* |
| HHIA Surveyd | 8.92 | (12.62) | 6.92 | (10.27) | 0/52 |
| RPTA4 (dBHL) | 16.04 | (11.25) | 20.99 | (16.54) | (−)2.50/(+) 57.5 |
| LPTA4 (dBHL) | 19.90 | (14.60) | 20.05 | (14.25) | (+)3.75/(+)65 |
| Musicianshipe | 2.21 | (2.67) | 1.46 | (2.13) | 0/8 |
| COGNITIVE CHARACTERISTICS | |||||
| FAS (words)f | 43.04 | (12.17) | 42.63 | (13.87) | 17/73 |
| BNT (words)g | 56.79 | (3.74) | 55.00 | (8.02) | 23/60 |
| Digits Backh | 5.00 | (0.93) | 4.16 | (1.30) | 2/7* |
| L-Span (letters)i | 18.13 | (10.07) | 17.04 | (9.06) | 0/42 |
Means and Standard Deviations.
Education: self-reported category: 1, some High school; 2, High School; 3, some University/College; 4, University/college degree; 5, Graduate/professional degree.
Health: self-reported category: 1, very poor; 2, poor; 3, good; 4, very good; 5, excellent.
QuickSIN, Quick Speech-in-Noise measurement that provides a signal-to-noise ratio expressed as dB SNR loss, higher numbers indicate poorer abilities. Normal value, < +3 dB SNR loss (Killion, 2002).
HHIA-Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults: self-assessment; higher scores indicate greater perception of hearing handicap.
Musicianship: interval scale 0–10 points (higher number reflects greater musicianship experience: 0, no music; 3, some previous music experience in past; 5, some past and current music; 10, full musician).
FAS- verbal fluency-executive function task, higher number of words generated is better performance.
BNT-Boston Naming Test, higher number of pictures correctly named is better performance.
BackDigit Span-backwards digit span, mean number of digits reported for final 10 trials, higher number is better performance.
L-Span-Listening span, the sum total of letters recalled for each list length recalled with 100%. Larger number is better performance.
p < 0.05.