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Advanced Surgical Techniques in Glioma Surgery
| Identification of Tumor | |
| Fluorescence-guided surgery | |
| Intraoperative MRI | |
| Intraoperative ultrasound | |
| Intraoperative microscopy | |
| Mapping Functional Pathways | |
| Direct Stimulation | |
| • Cortical stimulation | |
| • Subcortical stimulation | |
| Awake craniotomy with stimulation | |
| Functional imaging | |
| • Functional MRI | |
| • Magnetoencephalography | |
| • Positron emission tomography | |
| Neuronavigation with functional imaging |
