Summary of findings for the main comparison. Oral protein calorie supplements compared with no intervention, placebo or additional nutritional advice compared to placebo for children with chronic disease.
| Oral protein calorie supplements compared with no intervention, placebo or additional nutritional advice compared to placebo for children with chronic disease | ||||||
| Patient or population: children with chronic disease Settings: Intervention: oral protein calorie supplements Comparison: no intervention, placebo or additional nutritional advice | ||||||
| Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | No of Participants (studies) | Quality of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
| Assumed risk | Corresponding risk | |||||
| Control (no intervention, placebo or additional nutritional advice) | Oral protein calorie supplements | |||||
| Change in weight in kg at 6 months | The mean change in weight in kg at 6 months ranged across control groups from 1.33 to 6.55 kg | The mean change in weight in kg at 6 months in the intervention group was 0.42 higher (0.12 lower to 0.96 higher) | ‐ | 125 (3 RCTs) | ⊕⊕⊕ MODERATE | |
| Change in weight Z score at 6 months | The mean change in weight Z score at 6 months ranged across control groups from 0.06 to 0.83 kg | The mean change in weight Z score at 6 months in the intervention group was 0.03 higher (0.1 lower to 0.16 higher) | ‐ | 109 (2 RCTs) | ⊕⊕⊕⊕ HIGH | |
| Change in height in cm at 6 months | The mean change in height in cm at 6 months ranged across control groups from 3.46 to 6.58 cm | The mean change in height in cm at 6 months in the intervention group was 0.4 lower (1.23 lower to 0.42 higher) | ‐ | 109 (2 RCTs) | ⊕⊕⊕⊕ HIGH | |
| Change in BMI at 6 months | The mean change in BMI at 6 months ranged across control groups from 0.14 to 1.12 kg/m2 | The mean change in BMI at 6 months in the intervention group was 0.18 higher (0.12 lower to 0.47 higher) | ‐ | 109 (2 RCTs) | ⊕⊕⊕⊕ HIGH | |
| Change in total energy intake (kcal/day) at 3 months | The mean change in total energy intake (kcal/day) at 3 months ranged across control groups from ‐56.75 to 190.54 kcal | The mean change in total energy intake (kcal/day) at 3 months in the intervention group was 133.43 higher (102.94 lower to 369.79 higher) | ‐ | 53 (2 RCTs) | ⊕⊕⊕⊕ HIGH | |
| Change in total protein intake (g/day) at 3 months | The mean change in total protein intake (g/day) at 3 months ranged across control groups from ‐1.95 to 7.87 g | The mean change in total protein intake (g/day) at 3 months in the intervention group was 3.45 higher (5.87 lower to 12.76 higher) | ‐ | 53 (2 RCTs) | ⊕⊕⊕⊕ HIGH | |
| Disease severity score: change in FEV1 % predicted at 12 months | The mean disease severity score: change in FEV1 % predicted at 12 months in the control group was ‐1.5 % | The mean disease severity score: change in FEV1 % predicted at 12 months in the intervention group was 4.91 higher (1.75 lower to 11.57 higher) | ‐ | 70 (1 RCT) | ⊕⊕⊕⊕ HIGH | |
| *The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). | ||||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate. Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate. Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate. | ||||||
BMI: body mass index CI: confidence interval FEV1: forced expiratory volume at one second RCT: randomised controlled trial