Figure 5. In vitro dynamic effects of edaravone and diethyl maleate (DEM) treatments of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) on phosphorylated and total MAPKs (p38 MAPK and ERK1/2) expression after lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/H₂O₂ intoxication (n = 4).

The protein expression of both p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 was measured by Western blot (a) and normalized by internal control β-actin (b). Quantified data were conducted by using ImageJ. LPS, LPS/H₂O₂ challenge; L+E10, LPS/H₂O₂ + 10 μM edaravone; L+E20, LPS/H₂O₂ + 20 μM edaravone; L+D, LPS/H₂O₂ + DEM. “*” “**” “***” mean significant changes (P < 0.05, 0.01, 0.001) between control and treatments, respectively; “##” “###” mean significant changes (P < 0.01, 0.001) between edaravone treatment group (10 μM or 20 μM) and LPS/H₂O₂ group, respectively; “@” “@@” “@@@” mean significant change (P < 0.05, 0.01, 0.001) between DEM-treated group and LPS/H₂O₂ group, respectively.