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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Semin Perinatol. 2015 Apr;39(3):230–237. doi: 10.1053/j.semperi.2015.03.007

Table.

Select studies of prenatal critical congenital heart defects (CCHD) diagnosis and late CCHD detection, United States, 1997–2009.

Prenatal diagnosis (%)
Late detection (%)
Location, study years Utah, 1997–200722 Multiple sites, 1998–200524 Northern California
 2004–200525
Massachusetts,
 2004–200926
Southern California,
 2005–201023
Multiple sites,
 1998–200931
Florida, 1998–200733 Massachusetts, 2004–200926
Definition of prenatal
 diagnosis/late
 detection
Abnormal fetal
ultrasound
Maternal report of
abnormal fetal
ultrasound/
echocardiogram
Parental report of
prenatal
diagnosis
(+terminations)
Documented
in maternal and/or
infant medical
record
Abnormal fetal
ultrasound/
echocardiogram
Fetal echocardiogram
>3 days
of birth
Diagnosis after
birth/transfer
hospital
discharge
Diagnosis after birth/
transfer hospital
discharge
Primary CCHD screening targets
 Dextro-
 transposition
 of the
 great
 arteries
13a 17 17 (19)b 60 71c 14 10 0
 Hypoplastic left
 heart syndrome
70 53 56 (61) 88 100d 13 12 0
 Pulmonary atresia 26 44 43 (50)e 77 8 23 0
 Total anomalous
 pulmonary venous
 return
6 1 0 (0) 25 0 41 40 23
 Tetralogy of Fallot 26f 18 18 (31) 58 69 28 25 11
 Tricuspid atresia 52 25 (25)g 89 100 12 16 0
 Truncus arteriosus 24 50 (50) 54 31 32 8
Secondary CCHD screening targets
 Coarctation
 of the aorta
19 11 37 33 62 37h 30
 Double-outlet
 right ventricle
89i 18 (25) 83 100d 31 29 2
 Ebstein anomaly 43 22 80 21 13 0
 Single ventricle
 complex
100j 56 (64) 92 100d 22 25 0
a

d-Transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) with intact ventricular septum.

b

d- and l-Transposition of the great arteries.

c

Transposition of the great arteries.

d

Includes single ventricle, double outlet right ventricle, and hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

e

Pulmonary stenosis or atresia with intact ventricular septum.

f

Tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary stenosis.

g

Tricuspid valve anomalies.

h

Coarctation/hypoplasia of the aortic arch.

i

Estimate for double outlet right ventricle (DORV) not otherwise specified; for DORV with normal arteries: 71%; for DORV with transposition of the great arteries: 58%.

j

Single ventricle, not otherwise specified.