Table 3.
Hierarchical linear modeling results for evocative genetic and direct genetic effects, separately for mothers and fathers
| Mother’s Parenting | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||
| Warmth | Control | Negativity | |||||||
| β | SE | p | β | SE | p | β | SE | p | |
|
|
|||||||||
| Child OXTR | −0.09 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.10 | 0.07 |
| Mother OXTR | −0.28 | 0.10 | 0.004* | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.43 | 0.19 | 0.12 | 0.10 |
|
Father’s Parenting | |||||||||
| Child OXTR | −0.08 | 0.06 | 0.23 | 0.20 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.04 | 0.12 | 0.70 |
| Father OXTR | −0.02 | 0.11 | 0.83 | 0.07 | 0.15 | 0.65 | 0.17 | 0.12 | 0.16 |
Note. SE = standard error. All models included child gender, age, and ethnicity entered as covariates. OXTR was coded as G/G = 0, A/G = 1, and A/A = 2.
*
significant at p < .0008 (Bonferroni-corrected).