Table 1.
Characteristics of 15-19 year olds, Rakai, Uganda, 1994-2013
| Row Total (person rounds) | Total (across all rounds) | R01 | R02 | R03 | R04 | R06 | R07 | R08 | R09 | R10 | R11 | R12 | R13 | R14 | R15 | p-value* for trend (age adjusted) | Statistical method | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adolescent Women | ||||||||||||||||||
| No. of observations | 11,829 | 776 | 767 | 810 | 651 | 1,035 | 998 | 1,009 | 709 | 671 | 720 | 820 | 829 | 962 | 1,072 | |||
| % enrolled in school | 10,619 | 41.6 | 25.4 | 29.7 | 36.2 | 35.7 | 28.2 | 31.4 | 31.8 | 33.7 | 40.5 | 48.2 | 52.2 | 58.5 | 59.4 | 56.7 | <0.001 | LogR |
| Percentage distribution of Characteristics | ||||||||||||||||||
| Age | ||||||||||||||||||
| 15 | 1,796 | 15.2 | 17.3 | 12.8 | 14.1 | 10.8 | 15.9 | 11.9 | 11.6 | 10.3 | 11.8 | 15.4 | 18.5 | 21.4 | 18.7 | 19.3 | <0.001 | LinR |
| 16 | 2,152 | 18.2 | 19.9 | 20.5 | 18.5 | 13.2 | 17.6 | 17.7 | 16.7 | 16.8 | 17.6 | 18.8 | 19.5 | 18.9 | 19.0 | 19.2 | ||
| 17 | 2,297 | 19.4 | 20.8 | 19.2 | 19.6 | 19.2 | 18.2 | 21.2 | 18.4 | 19.0 | 19.4 | 19.0 | 19.5 | 18.5 | 20.9 | 18.9 | ||
| 18 | 2,810 | 23.8 | 22.6 | 24.1 | 24.8 | 28.7 | 22.7 | 24.0 | 27.0 | 25.4 | 23.0 | 23.1 | 22.3 | 23.6 | 20.0 | 22.9 | ||
| 19 | 2,774 | 23.5 | 19.6 | 23.5 | 23.0 | 28.1 | 25.6 | 25.2 | 26.4 | 28.5 | 28.3 | 23.8 | 20.1 | 17.6 | 21.4 | 19.7 | ||
| Household SES | ||||||||||||||||||
| High | 4,726 | 40.0 | 27.1 | 25.5 | 28.4 | 26.7 | 34.1 | 36.7 | 40.3 | 38.7 | 40.5 | 41.8 | 47.0 | 47.0 | 55.1 | 60.3 | <0.001 | OLogR |
| Middle | 3,444 | 29.2 | 24.3 | 28.4 | 25.3 | 27.5 | 28.1 | 26.4 | 26.1 | 29.1 | 32.2 | 31.7 | 34.6 | 36.3 | 30.9 | 29.2 | ||
| Low | 3,633 | 30.8 | 48.7 | 46.1 | 46.3 | 45.8 | 37.8 | 37.0 | 33.6 | 32.2 | 27.3 | 26.5 | 18.4 | 16.7 | 14.0 | 10.5 | ||
| Orphanhood status | ||||||||||||||||||
| Not orphan | 6,171 | 53.0 | 52.3 | 51.9 | 52.8 | 51.2 | 49.1 | 48.3 | 48.3 | 49.2 | 47.4 | 50.6 | 53.8 | 58.2 | 63.3 | 62.2 | ||
| Both parents died | 1,952 | 16.8 | 15.3 | 16.8 | 16.6 | 17.2 | 18.7 | 18.6 | 18.5 | 20.6 | 20.3 | 20.4 | 17.3 | 14.8 | 12.7 | 10.0 | <0.001 | MulLogR |
| Mother died | 1,113 | 9.6 | 11.5 | 10.6 | 11.0 | 10.8 | 12.1 | 9.8 | 8.8 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 8.5 | 8.7 | 8.0 | 7.4 | 8.5 | <0.001 | |
| Father died | 2,403 | 20.7 | 20.9 | 20.7 | 19.6 | 20.9 | 20.2 | 23.3 | 24.4 | 20.8 | 22.8 | 20.6 | 20.2 | 19.0 | 16.6 | 19.4 | <0.001 | |
| Residence | ||||||||||||||||||
| Rural | 8,544 | 72.2 | 71.8 | 72.6 | 71.4 | 77.3 | 68.9 | 69.6 | 70.7 | 72.1 | 68.6 | 74.7 | 76.6 | 76.1 | 72.4 | 71.3 | 0.323 | LogR |
| Trading village | 3,285 | 27.8 | 28.2 | 27.4 | 28.6 | 22.7 | 31.1 | 30.4 | 29.3 | 27.9 | 31.5 | 25.3 | 23.4 | 23.9 | 27.7 | 28.7 | ||
| Ever married | ||||||||||||||||||
| No | 6,207 | 67.1 | NA | NA | NA | 52.6 | 58.4 | 59.2 | 60.3 | 60.4 | 63.2 | 71.4 | 74.4 | 78.3 | 77.7 | 75.5 | <0.001 | LogR |
| Yes | 3,042 | 32.9 | NA | NA | NA | 47.4 | 41.6 | 40.8 | 39.7 | 39.6 | 36.8 | 28.6 | 25.6 | 21.7 | 22.4 | 24.5 | ||
| Ever had sex | ||||||||||||||||||
| No | 3,741 | 32.7 | 32.0 | 32.3 | 26.6 | 28.6 | 25.0 | 25.7 | 21.4 | 24.0 | 26.5 | 33.9 | 36.5 | 44.8 | 49.5 | 46.4 | <0.001 | LogR |
| Yes | 7,710 | 67.3 | 68.0 | 67.7 | 73.4 | 71.4 | 75.0 | 74.4 | 78.6 | 76.0 | 73.5 | 66.1 | 63.5 | 55.3 | 50.5 | 53.6 | ||
| Household size by age | ||||||||||||||||||
| Mean number of children and adolescents (0 - 19 years) | 11,765 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 3.9 | <0.001 | LinR |
| Mean number of adults (20+ years) | 11,765 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | <0.001 | LinR |
| Mean number of family members | 11,765 | 5.5 | 6.4 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.7 | <0.001 | LinR |
| Sibship Size | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1-59% (1st quartile) | 3,400 | 28.7 | 25.6 | 26.0 | 29.4 | 26.1 | 32.0 | 33.9 | 32.2 | 26.0 | 27.0 | 27.1 | 30.6 | 24.9 | 27.6 | 29.7 | <0.001 | OLogR |
| 60-70% (2nd quartile) | 3,023 | 25.6 | 23.3 | 25.2 | 24.7 | 25.2 | 24.0 | 23.3 | 22.4 | 23.6 | 23.6 | 28.3 | 26.2 | 28.7 | 29.9 | 28.8 | ||
| 71-79% (3rd quartile) | 2,614 | 22.1 | 17.8 | 18.9 | 20.6 | 18.9 | 18.6 | 19.3 | 23.3 | 25.1 | 23.7 | 21.3 | 23.2 | 28.2 | 25.9 | 24.1 | ||
| 80-100% (4th quartile) | 2,792 | 23.6 | 33.3 | 30.0 | 25.3 | 29.8 | 25.5 | 23.6 | 22.1 | 25.4 | 25.8 | 23.3 | 20.0 | 18.2 | 16.6 | 17.4 | ||
| Adolescent Men | ||||||||||||||||||
| No. of observations | 9,906 | 657 | 611 | 678 | 542 | 722 | 666 | 763 | 556 | 542 | 602 | 764 | 780 | 925 | 1,098 | |||
| % enrolled in school | 8,805 | 54.2 | 34.4 | 39.3 | 40.5 | 50.0 | 44.5 | 46.1 | 48.0 | 52.9 | 51.5 | 58.9 | 61.1 | 63.0 | 68.4 | 66.8 | <0.001 | LogR |
| Percentage distribution of Characteristics | ||||||||||||||||||
| Age | ||||||||||||||||||
| 15 | 1,492 | 15.1 | 22.1 | 11.3 | 8.9 | 8.7 | 14.0 | 13.7 | 11.1 | 11.7 | 11.8 | 17.4 | 20.0 | 18.1 | 17.5 | 18.6 | <0.001 | LinR |
| 16 | 2,016 | 20.4 | 21.2 | 22.8 | 20.8 | 12.6 | 19.7 | 19.5 | 18.9 | 16.6 | 18.5 | 18.1 | 20.4 | 26.3 | 22.9 | 21.8 | ||
| 17 | 1,948 | 19.7 | 17.8 | 15.9 | 19.2 | 19.6 | 19.1 | 21.8 | 21.1 | 19.4 | 20.9 | 19.4 | 18.5 | 20.1 | 21.4 | 20.0 | ||
| 18 | 2,368 | 23.9 | 22.8 | 31.3 | 28.5 | 31.7 | 23.1 | 25.7 | 26.5 | 26.3 | 24.5 | 23.3 | 21.3 | 18.6 | 20.3 | 18.9 | ||
| 19 | 2,082 | 21.0 | 16.1 | 18.8 | 22.7 | 27.5 | 24.1 | 19.4 | 22.4 | 26.1 | 24.4 | 21.8 | 19.8 | 16.9 | 17.8 | 20.8 | ||
| Household SES | ||||||||||||||||||
| High | 3,718 | 37.6 | 22.0 | 20.9 | 23.5 | 25.6 | 31.3 | 28.4 | 35.8 | 35.3 | 38.4 | 42.1 | 43.8 | 46.8 | 52.0 | 57.4 | <0.001 | OLogR |
| Middle | 2,860 | 28.9 | 24.1 | 24.5 | 25.4 | 21.5 | 27.2 | 31.7 | 27.0 | 26.8 | 30.6 | 31.1 | 33.9 | 33.5 | 32.9 | 29.9 | ||
| Low | 3,310 | 33.5 | 53.9 | 54.7 | 51.2 | 52.9 | 41.5 | 39.9 | 37.2 | 38.0 | 31.0 | 26.8 | 22.3 | 19.7 | 15.2 | 12.8 | ||
| Orphanhood status | ||||||||||||||||||
| Not orphan | 5,228 | 53.7 | 48.2 | 51.7 | 52.2 | 47.5 | 49.6 | 45.9 | 47.8 | 44.9 | 46.8 | 50.1 | 53.8 | 60.2 | 66.1 | 67.9 | ||
| Both parents died | 1,619 | 16.6 | 18.8 | 15.7 | 18.4 | 19.0 | 18.3 | 22.9 | 20.9 | 23.2 | 21.1 | 17.5 | 16.6 | 12.7 | 9.9 | 8.3 | <0.001 | MulLogR |
| Mother died | 825 | 8.5 | 10.4 | 9.6 | 9.5 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 9.5 | 7.9 | 7.8 | 10.2 | 7.8 | 8.2 | 7.6 | 6.6 | 7.1 | <0.001 | |
| Father died | 2,070 | 21.3 | 22.6 | 23.1 | 19.9 | 24.0 | 22.5 | 21.8 | 23.4 | 24.1 | 22.0 | 24.6 | 21.6 | 19.5 | 17.5 | 16.7 | <0.001 | |
| Residence | ||||||||||||||||||
| Rural | 7,236 | 73.1 | 65.0 | 70.1 | 73.8 | 77.3 | 70.9 | 71.9 | 72.6 | 72.8 | 70.5 | 75.3 | 77.4 | 74.0 | 74.7 | 74.5 | <0.001 | LogR |
| Trading village | 2,670 | 27.0 | 35.0 | 30.0 | 26.3 | 22.7 | 29.1 | 28.1 | 27.4 | 27.2 | 29.5 | 24.8 | 22.6 | 26.0 | 25.3 | 25.5 | ||
| Ever married | ||||||||||||||||||
| No | 7,575 | 97.7 | NA | NA | NA | 95.2 | 96.4 | 96.0 | 96.9 | 98.2 | 98.2 | 97.4 | 97.6 | 98.5 | 99.2 | 98.8 | <0.001 | LogR |
| Yes | 180 | 2.3 | NA | NA | NA | 4.9 | 3.6 | 4.1 | 3.2 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 1.2 | ||
| Ever had sex | ||||||||||||||||||
| No | 4,353 | 45.6 | 44.5 | 45.8 | 41.9 | 39.4 | 35.9 | 36.0 | 33.9 | 38.3 | 41.0 | 42.0 | 47.6 | 54.3 | 60.5 | 59.4 | <0.001 | LogR |
| Yes | 5,199 | 54.4 | 55.5 | 54.2 | 58.1 | 60.6 | 64.1 | 64.0 | 66.1 | 61.7 | 59.0 | 58.0 | 52.4 | 45.7 | 39.5 | 40.6 | ||
| Household size by age | ||||||||||||||||||
| Mean number of children and adolescents (0 - 19 years) | 9,837 | 4.4 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.5 | <0.001 | LinR |
| Mean number of adults (20+ years) | 9,837 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.0 | <0.001 | LinR |
| Mean number of family members | 9,837 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 6.5 | <0.001 | LinR |
| Sibship Size | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1-59% (1st quartile) | 1,790 | 18.1 | 20.1 | 17.2 | 18.0 | 14.4 | 17.5 | 17.9 | 18.5 | 16.9 | 16.2 | 19.9 | 17.3 | 19.7 | 17.5 | 19.8 | <0.001 | OLogR |
| 60-70% (2nd quartile) | 2,420 | 24.4 | 18.6 | 22.8 | 27.3 | 24.5 | 25.8 | 23.1 | 20.7 | 21.2 | 22.5 | 23.6 | 27.2 | 26.9 | 27.4 | 26.4 | ||
| 71-79% (3rd quartile) | 2,605 | 26.3 | 19.5 | 21.6 | 21.2 | 22.9 | 20.6 | 26.4 | 27.0 | 28.1 | 26.8 | 25.1 | 29.6 | 28.7 | 32.8 | 31.1 | ||
| 80-100% (4th quartile) | 3,091 | 31.2 | 41.9 | 38.5 | 33.5 | 38.2 | 36.2 | 32.6 | 33.8 | 33.8 | 34.5 | 31.4 | 25.9 | 24.6 | 22.4 | 22.8 | ||
Note: Sample includes adolescents 15-19 years from 28 Rakai communities followed continuously from 1994-2013, Rakai District, Uganda
NA= data not available
Sibship size defined as children and adolescents (<20 years) as a percentage of all hosuehold members
LogR=logistic regression with robust estimation, LinR=linear regression with robust estimation, OLogR=ordered logistic regression with robust estimation, MulLogR=multinomial logistic regression with robust estimation.