Table 2.
School Enrollment by Demographic Characteristics, 15-19 year olds, Rakai, Uganda, 1994-2013
Row Total (person rounds) | Total (across all rounds) | R01 | R02 | R03 | R04 | R06 | R07 | R08 | R09 | R10 | R11 | R12 | R13 | R14 | p-value* for trend (age adjusted) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adolescent Women | |||||||||||||||||
% enrolled by age | |||||||||||||||||
15 | 1,748 | 75.4 | 55.2 | 50.0 | 59.6 | 73.0 | 61.2 | 66.4 | 72.7 | 71.2 | 82.3 | 84.7 | 86.8 | 85.3 | 88.3 | 89.4 | <0.001 |
16 | 1,974 | 59.2 | 34.4 | 40.5 | 42.2 | 41.7 | 44.5 | 48.6 | 51.2 | 59.7 | 61.9 | 66.7 | 68.1 | 79.6 | 79.8 | 77.7 | <0.001 |
17 | 2,060 | 43.2 | 23.6 | 23.6 | 32.5 | 28.2 | 25.0 | 33.0 | 31.7 | 43.0 | 44.6 | 51.8 | 52.5 | 61.4 | 63.7 | 62.6 | <0.001 |
18 | 2,445 | 27.3 | 14.3 | 20.5 | 11.1 | 11.3 | 19.6 | 22.2 | 18.4 | 20.6 | 29.9 | 33.1 | 35.5 | 37.8 | 47.4 | 38.4 | <0.001 |
19 | 2,392 | 15.6 | 4.6 | 13.5 | 22.8 | 8.3 | 6.4 | 10.0 | 15.4 | 10.4 | 15.8 | 21.6 | 23.0 | 28.1 | 22.8 | 19.9 | <0.001 |
% enrolled by household SES | |||||||||||||||||
High | 4,426 | 48.6 | 35.7 | 38.5 | 42.6 | 44.1 | 35.4 | 39.6 | 38.3 | 39.8 | 43.8 | 47.2 | 56.6 | 62.3 | 64.5 | 55.2 | <0.001 |
Median | 3,115 | 41.9 | 30.9 | 31.7 | 38.5 | 34.3 | 28.5 | 29.3 | 29.3 | 27.7 | 38.0 | 51.3 | 49.5 | 57.8 | 55.6 | 58.3 | <0.001 |
Low | 3,057 | 31.0 | 17.0 | 23.0 | 29.7 | 31.6 | 20.9 | 24.7 | 26.0 | 32.0 | 38.8 | 46.1 | 45.7 | 49.3 | 47.8 | 59.8 | <0.001 |
% enrolled by orphanhood status | |||||||||||||||||
Not orphan | 5,557 | 47.0 | 22.7 | 33.5 | 39.1 | 34.2 | 31.7 | 33.7 | 32.2 | 38.2 | 45.0 | 56.0 | 57.6 | 65.0 | 64.7 | 64.9 | <0.001 |
Both parents died | 1,742 | 34.2 | 23.5 | 23.2 | 28.1 | 41.5 | 25.4 | 30.3 | 31.7 | 28.8 | 36.0 | 42.9 | 41.8 | 45.9 | 44.6 | 35.9 | <0.001 |
Mother died | 974 | 32.9 | 21.6 | 27.5 | 28.2 | 45.0 | 21.6 | 25.8 | 37.1 | 25.4 | 37.5 | 29.5 | 45.1 | 42.4 | 47.9 | 38.9 | <0.001 |
Father died | 2,171 | 37.9 | 29.1 | 26.7 | 38.8 | 30.0 | 26.3 | 29.3 | 28.9 | 32.0 | 36.6 | 41.9 | 49.1 | 54.8 | 54.4 | 49.5 | <0.001 |
% enrolled by residence | |||||||||||||||||
rural village | 7,647 | 42.0 | 26.6 | 29.0 | 36.7 | 35.4 | 28.1 | 31.5 | 32.3 | 36.4 | 38.5 | 50.9 | 51.8 | 56.3 | 57.9 | 58.5 | <0.001 |
trading village | 2,972 | 40.5 | 22.4 | 31.6 | 35.1 | 37.5 | 28.6 | 31.0 | 30.7 | 26.8 | 45.0 | 40.1 | 53.7 | 65.7 | 63.2 | 52.3 | <0.001 |
% enrolled by marital status | |||||||||||||||||
Ever | 2,841 | 0.2 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.359 |
Never | 5,984 | 64.7 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 48.3 | 53.0 | 52.6 | 55.6 | 63.9 | 67.5 | 70.2 | 74.6 | 76.4 | 75.0 | <0.001 |
% enrolled by number of household members | |||||||||||||||||
1-3 members | 3,840 | 9.4 | 3.0 | 4.6 | 10.8 | 5.6 | 6.6 | 6.7 | 7.9 | 8.0 | 7.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 15.9 | 18.6 | 15.2 | <0.001 |
4-6 members | 2,924 | 52.3 | 23.9 | 34.3 | 34.9 | 54.6 | 34.2 | 48.4 | 38.1 | 39.2 | 48.4 | 60.9 | 64.0 | 68.0 | 72.3 | 69.2 | <0.001 |
7+members | 3,855 | 65.5 | 43.8 | 54.4 | 62.4 | 55.4 | 56.0 | 55.8 | 57.0 | 60.0 | 73.5 | 72.3 | 75.4 | 77.9 | 77.4 | 76.1 | <0.001 |
% enrolled by Sibship Size | |||||||||||||||||
1-59% (1st quartile) | 3,101 | 23.7 | 13.6 | 14.2 | 15.2 | 12.5 | 16.6 | 16.3 | 18.8 | 16.9 | 18.2 | 31.8 | 32.7 | 36.4 | 35.9 | 36.2 | <0.001 |
60-70% (2nd quartile) | 2,691 | 44.5 | 20.4 | 33.0 | 44.1 | 32.0 | 31.9 | 34.1 | 31.4 | 29.3 | 39.2 | 49.0 | 55.8 | 58.8 | 64.9 | 61.8 | <0.001 |
71-79% (3rd quartile) | 2,358 | 59.1 | 38.4 | 40.3 | 51.3 | 59.0 | 47.4 | 48.2 | 47.2 | 47.8 | 61.6 | 62.8 | 67.4 | 74.4 | 75.9 | 72.5 | <0.001 |
80-100% (4th quartile) | 2,469 | 44.1 | 31.0 | 35.1 | 46.5 | 46.0 | 25.4 | 36.6 | 35.0 | 41.1 | 45.7 | 53.0 | 59.8 | 63.6 | 62.5 | 61.5 | <0.001 |
Adolescent Men | |||||||||||||||||
% enrolled by age | |||||||||||||||||
15 | 1,464 | 80.2 | 59.3 | 58.7 | 66.7 | 80.0 | 78.2 | 74.7 | 72.9 | 83.1 | 73.4 | 87.6 | 90.9 | 87.2 | 89.5 | 87.3 | <0.001 |
16 | 1,840 | 68.9 | 47.5 | 48.4 | 53.2 | 57.1 | 59.9 | 69.2 | 67.4 | 67.4 | 65.0 | 77.1 | 76.9 | 72.2 | 82.1 | 78.7 | <0.001 |
17 | 1,739 | 56.0 | 27.4 | 40.7 | 31.9 | 48.4 | 51.5 | 44.1 | 54.0 | 63.9 | 58.4 | 57.3 | 56.4 | 64.3 | 70.2 | 68.2 | <0.001 |
18 | 1,994 | 39.2 | 13.3 | 27.2 | 19.4 | 25.7 | 26.4 | 34.5 | 37.1 | 43.8 | 48.9 | 39.3 | 38.5 | 49.7 | 56.4 | 55.6 | <0.001 |
19 | 1,768 | 32.6 | 20.8 | 29.3 | 25.9 | 20.8 | 24.1 | 20.2 | 26.3 | 31.0 | 27.3 | 41.0 | 42.7 | 35.6 | 41.8 | 44.7 | <0.001 |
% enrolled by household SES | |||||||||||||||||
High | 3,483 | 65.0 | 39.6 | 62.7 | 54.0 | 43.8 | 59.1 | 57.7 | 60.1 | 65.3 | 65.9 | 64.1 | 69.0 | 68.8 | 73.9 | 69.4 | <0.001 |
Median | 2,598 | 53.9 | 36.1 | 44.0 | 38.8 | 46.7 | 42.4 | 45.5 | 51.0 | 52.4 | 43.4 | 59.0 | 59.7 | 62.1 | 66.3 | 63.6 | <0.001 |
Low | 2,710 | 40.7 | 31.4 | 27.0 | 32.6 | 54.4 | 34.8 | 38.5 | 34.2 | 41.7 | 41.7 | 51.0 | 47.3 | 50.7 | 54.3 | 62.1 | <0.001 |
% enrolled by orphanhood status | |||||||||||||||||
Not orphan | 4,674 | 60.5 | 37.2 | 43.3 | 41.5 | 57.1 | 52.1 | 53.4 | 52.1 | 62.7 | 56.5 | 66.7 | 63.4 | 68.2 | 71.9 | 70.3 | <0.001 |
Both parents died | 1,417 | 39.0 | 24.8 | 27.5 | 44.2 | 41.9 | 32.6 | 34.9 | 42.1 | 38.0 | 41.2 | 40.4 | 43.7 | 39.8 | 48.9 | 47.8 | <0.001 |
Mother died | 735 | 48.8 | 31.0 | 52.0 | 30.3 | 56.0 | 31.9 | 39.7 | 43.3 | 53.5 | 50.9 | 58.7 | 59.7 | 54.2 | 56.7 | 64.9 | <0.001 |
Father died | 1,827 | 53.3 | 33.3 | 33.3 | 44.6 | 43.6 | 42.6 | 44.8 | 46.1 | 49.3 | 51.3 | 56.7 | 69.1 | 64.9 | 71.3 | 64.8 | <0.001 |
% enrolled by residence | |||||||||||||||||
rural village | 6,453 | 53.9 | 37.0 | 40.0 | 41.3 | 51.0 | 43.2 | 47.0 | 48.9 | 52.6 | 48.4 | 58.0 | 58.7 | 61.4 | 66.1 | 66.4 | <0.001 |
trading village | 2,352 | 55.1 | 29.6 | 37.5 | 37.7 | 42.9 | 47.6 | 43.9 | 45.5 | 53.6 | 58.8 | 61.6 | 69.2 | 67.5 | 75.2 | 67.9 | <0.001 |
% enrolled by marital status | |||||||||||||||||
Ever | 162 | 1.9 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 3.9 | 0.0 | 4.2 | 0.0 | 10.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.198 |
Never | 7,222 | 58.5 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 46.0 | 48.0 | 49.4 | 53.9 | 52.3 | 60.5 | 62.5 | 63.9 | 69.0 | 67.6 | <0.001 |
% enrolled by number of household members | |||||||||||||||||
1-3 members | 1,810 | 26.1 | 13.9 | 24.6 | 22.2 | 14.3 | 20.9 | 19.1 | 24.6 | 27.3 | 27.5 | 29.7 | 28.1 | 35.9 | 41.4 | 35.7 | <0.001 |
4-6 members | 2,893 | 56.1 | 39.9 | 28.6 | 37.8 | 53.7 | 48.5 | 48.8 | 48.5 | 53.2 | 52.8 | 61.2 | 62.1 | 62.4 | 67.5 | 70.9 | <0.001 |
7+members | 4,102 | 65.3 | 41.5 | 53.2 | 52.7 | 63.0 | 58.9 | 61.4 | 62.9 | 66.1 | 62.6 | 69.4 | 71.3 | 71.0 | 75.5 | 73.2 | <0.001 |
% enrolled by Sibship Size | |||||||||||||||||
1-59% (1st quartile) | 1,594 | 50.8 | 34.1 | 40.4 | 29.1 | 25.0 | 37.3 | 45.4 | 46.8 | 43.6 | 51.1 | 60.4 | 56.8 | 61.7 | 59.9 | 64.1 | <0.001 |
60-70% (2nd quartile) | 2,169 | 58.2 | 32.0 | 42.7 | 46.2 | 63.8 | 51.1 | 53.3 | 55.7 | 57.6 | 57.4 | 65.4 | 58.9 | 57.6 | 70.8 | 71.0 | <0.001 |
71-79% (3rd quartile) | 2,371 | 64.5 | 41.4 | 49.2 | 52.5 | 59.6 | 58.4 | 57.4 | 56.8 | 61.5 | 55.9 | 67.8 | 70.8 | 71.9 | 76.6 | 73.3 | <0.001 |
80-100% (4th quartile) | 2,671 | 43.9 | 32.4 | 30.6 | 34.0 | 38.3 | 35.3 | 32.3 | 36.8 | 47.3 | 44.4 | 45.8 | 54.9 | 59.4 | 60.4 | 55.2 | <0.001 |
Using logistic regression with robust estimation, analyses adjusted for single year of age
** cutpoints based on quartiles of population of children and adolescents, including married and unmarried adolescents
Sibship size defined as children and adolescents (<20 years) as a percentage of all hosuehold members
Note: Sample includes adolescents 15-19 years from 28 Rakai communities followed continuously from 1994-2013, Rakai District, Uganda
NA= data not available
SES= Household