Table 2.
Bivariate analysis of inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions compared by age groups
| Sample n (%) 5,752 (100) |
Inappropriate ATBs in pediatrics n (%) 1,306 (57.8) |
Inappropriate ATBs in adults n (%) 1,351 (38.7) |
Inappropriate ATBs in total N (%) 2,657 (46.2) |
Statistical analysis χ2=202.84, P<0.001* |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 2,799 (48.7) | 764 (59.5) | 566 (37.4) | 1,330 (47.5) | χ2=3.847, P=0.498 |
| Female | 2,953 (51.3) | 542 (55.6) | 785 (39.7) | 1,327 (44.9) | |
| Infection type | |||||
| Respiratory | 3,187 (55.4) | 801 (56.0) | 545 (31.0) | 1,346 (42.2) | χ2=201.0, P<0.001* |
| Urinary | 1,434 (24.9) | 142 (52.8) | 555 (47.6) | 697 (48.6) | χ2=2.319, P=0.202 |
| Middle ear | 656 (11.4) | 298 (68.2) | 79 (36.1) | 377 (57.4) | χ2=61.58, P<0.001* |
| OB/GYN | 43 (0.8) | 1 (25.0) | 2 (5.1) | 3 (7.0) | Fisher-ex, P=0.519 |
| Skin | 396 (6.9) | 50 (49.5) | 150 (50.8) | 200 (50.5) | χ2=0.054, P=0.815 |
| Gastrointestinal | 35 (0.6) | 14 (93.3) | 20 (100.0) | 34 (97.1) | Fisher-ex, P=0.519 |
| Weight taken** | |||||
| Yes | 5,347 (92.9) | 1,123 (60.6) | 1,351 (100) | 2,474 (46.2) | χ2=0.178, P=0.673 |
| No | 405 (7.1) | 183 (45.2) | 0 (0) | 183 (45.1) | |
| Allergy screen** | |||||
| Yes | 457 (7.9) | 95 (53.9) | 105 (37.4) | 200 (43.7) | χ2=1.178, P=0.279 |
| No | 5,295 (92.1) | 1,211 (58.2) | 1,246 (38.8) | 2,457 (46.4) | |
| ATB category | |||||
| Penicillin | 2,062 (35.8) | 466 (45.0) | 442 (43.0) | 908 (44.0) | χ2=0.825, P=0.363 |
| Cephalosporin | 1,731 (30.1) | 592 (77.0) | 586 (60.9) | 1,178 (68.6) | χ2=57.33, P<0.001* |
| Macrolide | 1,149 (20.0) | 231 (55.4) | 117 (16.0) | 348 (30.3) | χ2=195.4, P<0.001* |
| Quinolone | 639 (11.1) | 7 (46.7) | 171 (27.4) | 178 (27.6) | χ2=2.705, P=0.100 |
| Clindamycin | 26 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 16 (64.0) | 16 (61.5) | Fisher-ex, P=0.769 |
| Nitrofurantoin | 68 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (10.8) | 7 (10.3) | Fisher-ex, P=0.999 |
| Sulfonamide | 70 (1.2) | 9 (52.9) | 10 (18.9) | 19 (27.1) | χ2=0.024, P=0.876 |
| Tetracycline | 7 (0.1) | 1 (100.0) | 2 (33.3) | 3 (42.9) | Fisher-ex, P=0.01* |
| ATB spectrum | |||||
| Broad | 4,364 (75.9) | 994 (59.7) | 1,048 (38.8) | 2,042 (46.8) | χ2=0.261, P=0.106 |
| Narrow | 1,388 (24.1) | 312 (52.5) | 303 (38.2) | 615 (44.3) |
Notes:
*
Age group difference statistically significant at P-value <0.05;
**
procedure performed prior ATB prescription. χ2, Pearson chi-square test.
Abbreviations: ATB, antibiotic; OB/GYN, obstetrics and gynecology; Fisher-ex, Fisher’s exact test.