Table 1. Baseline and follow-up characteristics of the study population.
| No. of obese patients | Before surgery | After surgery | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anthropometrics | ||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23 | 52.3 ±7.4 | 35.7±6.3 | <0.001 |
| Overweight and mild obese, n (%) | 23 | 0 | 5 (21.7) | 0.025 |
| Moderately obese, n (%) | 23 | 0 | 7 (30.5) | 0.008 |
| Severely obese, n (%) | 23 | 1 (4.4) | 6 (26.1) | 0.059 |
| Morbidly obese, n (%) | 23 | 8 (34.8) | 5 (21.7) | 0.406 |
| Super obese, n (%) | 23 | 9 (39.1) | 0 | 0.003 |
| Super, super obese, n (%) | 23 | 5 (21.7) | 0 | 0.025 |
| Weight, kg | 23 | 154.4±26.8 | 103.7±22.8 | <0.001 |
| Neck, cm | 23 | 45.8±4.97 | 38.5±5.09 | <0.001 |
| Sagittal abdominal diameter, cm | 18 | 33.6±5.67 | 26.1±5.27 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 23 | 144.8±18.15 | 109.1 ±18.05 | <0.001 |
| Hip circumference, cm | 23 | 149.5± 17.04 | 119.6±15.85 | <0.001 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 23 | 0.97±0.09 | 0.91 ±0.11 | 0.012 |
| Adipocytokines | ||||
| CRP, mg/L | 20 | 10.37 (6.37–13.91) | 3.56 (1.65–5.04) | <0.001 |
| IL-1ß, pg/mL | 23 | 0.46±0.10 | 0.45±0.09 | 0.676 |
| IL-6, pg/mL | 23 | 2.18 (1.63–3.32) | 1.26 (0.88–2.08) | 0.031 |
| IL-8, pg/mL | 23 | 11.88 (9.92–14.61) | 13.43 (11.07–20.74) | 0.059 |
| TNF-α, pg/mL | 23 | 2.48±0.76 | 2.44±0.70 | 0.662 |
| sTNFαR1, pg/mL | 23 | 3,508.4±1,287.6 | 2,830.7±1,096.2 | 0.013 |
| sTNFαR2, pg/mL | 23 | 5,627.5±1,395.0 | 4,690.5±1,271.5 | <0.001 |
| TNF-α/IL-6 ratio | 23 | 1.24±0.58 | 1.86±0.86 | <0.001 |
| Leptin, ng/mL | 23 | 64.97 (48.38–92.44) | 26.66 (13.29–47.35) | <0.001 |
| Leptin receptor, ng/mL | 23 | 15.7±2.90 | 18.9±4.90 | 0.005 |
| Leptin/leptin receptor ratio | 23 | 4.63 (2.33–5.37) | 1.23 (0.69–2.88) | <0.001 |
| Ghrelin, pg/mL | 23 | 687.8 (525.2–811.5) | 744.14 (505.7–1,040.7) | 0.036 |
| Adiponectin, μg/mL | 23 | 7.18 (5.78–9.88) | 11.34 (10.31–14.94) | 0.002 |
| Sleep architecture | ||||
| Total sleep time, min | 23 | 403.7 (349.8–430.7) | 422.3 (392.7–464.1) | 0.042 |
| Sleep efficiency, % | 23 | 90 (84–96) | 96 (88–97) | 0.004 |
| N1, % | 23 | 12.7 (6.0–17.9) | 8.9 (5.4–13.7) | 0.202 |
| N2, % | 23 | 59.9±12.51 | 65.0±9.02 | 0.128 |
| N3, % | 23 | 10.3 (0.4–18.6) | 1 (0.2–7.4) | 0.003 |
| REM, % | 23 | 14.7±7.52 | 21.3±6.68 | 0.006 |
| Polysomnography results | ||||
| Total AHI, events/h | 23 | 32.8 (11.4–75.7) | 4.7 (2.0–12.9) | <0.001 |
| NREM AHI, events/h | 23 | 23.4 (5.6–75.7) | 3.8 (1.2–7) | <0.001 |
| REM AHI, events/h | 23 | 58.8 (30.2–73.6) | 12.2 (4.7–27.9) | <0.001 |
| No sleep apnea, n (%) | 23 | 1 (4.4) | 12 (52.2) | 0.002 |
| Mild sleep apnea, n (%) | 23 | 6 (26.1) | 7 (30.4) | 0.781 |
| Moderate sleep apnea, n (%) | 23 | 4 (17.3) | 3 (13) | 0.705 |
| Severe sleep apnea, n (%) | 23 | 12 (52.2) | 1 (4.4) | 0.002 |
| Baseline SaO2, % | 23 | 95.2 (94.1–96.1) | 96.3 (95.4–97.5) | <0.001 |
| LowSaO2, % | 23 | 89.8 (86–91.7) | 92.6 (91–93.6) | <0.001 |
| MinSaO2, % | 23 | 78 (69–84) | 86 (80–88) | <0.001 |
| ΔSaO2, % | 23 | 5.5 (4.9–7.7) | 3.7 (2.9–5.2) | <0.001 |
Continuous variables with normal distribution are presented as means±SD if not otherwise stated and compared with use of a Student's t test. Continuous variables with non-normal distributions are presented as medians (IQR) and compared with use of the Wilcoxon-matched pairs signed-ranks test. The chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables
N1, N2, N3 stages of NREM sleep, SaO2 oxyhemoglobin saturation during sleep, LowSaO2 average low oxyhemoglobin saturation during sleep, MinSaO2 minimum oxyhemoglobin saturation during sleep, ΔSaO2 degree of oxyhemoglobin desaturation associated with each disordered breathing event