Table 1. The socio-demographic and personal characteristics of participants.
| Variable | Male (n = 7677) | Female (n = 9650) | Total (n = 17327) | P–value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year, mean±SD) | 65.8±6.7 | 60.3±7.6 | 62.7±7.7 | <0.001 a | |
| Smoking status (n, %) | Never-smokers | 2943 (38.3) | 9385 (97.3) | 12328 (71.1) | <0.001 b |
| Former smokers | 1678 (21.9) | 67 (0.7) | 1745 (10.1) | ||
| Current smokers | 3056 (39.8) | 198 (2.1) | 3254 (18.8) | ||
| Passive smoke exposure (yes/no, n, %) | 1453 (18.9)/6224 (81.1) | 1870 (19.4)/7780 (80.6) | 3323 (19.2)/14004 (80.8) | 0.453 b | |
| Drinking status (n, %) | Non-drinker | 3725 (48.5) | 8918 (92.4) | 12643 (73.0) | <0.001 b |
| Former drinker | 668 (8.7) | 100 (1.0) | 768 (4.4) | ||
| Current drinker | 3284 (42.8) | 632 (6.5) | 3916 (22.6) | ||
| Physical activity (yes/no, n, %) | 6862 (89.4)/815 (10.6) | 8493 (88.0)/1157 (12.0) | 15355 (88.6)/1972 (11.4) | <0.001 b | |
| Doing housework (yes/no, n, %) | 6150 (80.1)/1527 (19.9) | 9309 (96.5)/341 (3.5) | 15459 (89.2)/1868 (10.8) | 0.001 b |
aStudent’s t–test was used to compare the mean values of continuous variables.
bThe Chi–square test was used to analyze a relationships between two categorical variables.