Table 1. Values of the fixed parameters of the model (u and a), as well as the process (Q) and non-process errors expressed as a proportion of the fixed effects.

Parameter	Value
u across populations	-8868.25
a across populaltions	1524.56
mean (Q as a proportion of u) across populations	0.531
mean (R as a proportion of a) across populations	0.638

For each population, process and non-process errors differed for each year of the sampling period. Within each population, we therefore used the mean of the process errors across years to produce the data in the table.