Fig. 5.
Vinpocetine reduces secreted cytokines in the vitreous after Aβ injection. Vitreous from vinpocetine and vehicle-treated animals (n = 8 per group) were pooled, and assayed using an ELISA based suspension array. Fold change was obtained by dividing the concentration of cytokine (in pg/mL) in the vehicle group by that of the vinpocetine group; negative sign denotes a downregulation due to vinpocetine treatment. Concentrations of secreted MIP-3α, IL-6, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF-α were reduced by at least 2-fold in the Aβ + vinpo group. Histogram represents the mean and SEM comparisons of the Aβ + vinpo and Aβ + vehicle. Statistical analysis was performed using a Mann Whitney U test, *p < 0.05.