Table 2.

Risk for PCS in Children and Adolescents After mTBI Who Presented to the ED

Characteristic	RR (95% CI)
Demographic Variables
Age, 11–18 vs 5–10 y	1.78 (1.10–2.89)
Sex, male vs female	0.71 (0.53–0.96)
Race/ethnicity
White vs nonwhite	0.86 (0.58–1.26)
Non-Hispanic vs Hispanic	0.95 (0.50–1.79)
Insurance, public/self-pay vs private	1.31 (0.96–1.80)
Prior TBI, yes vs no	0.99 (0.71–1.37)
Severe MOI, yes vs no	1.29 (0.96–1.74)
Mode of arrival, EMS vs walk-in	1.16 (0.85–1.59)
Other diagnoses	1.24 (0.88–1.75)
ED Variables
GCS scale <15, yes vs no	1.39 (0.80–2.43)
LOC, yes vs no	1.27 (0.93–1.73)
Headache, yes vs no	2.06 (1.34–3.17)
Amnesia, yes vs no	1.01 (0.75–1.36)
Nausea/vomiting, yes vs no	1.31 (0.97–1.76)
Other MS changes, yes vs no	0.97 (0.56–1.66)
CT in ED, performed vs not	1.44 (1.05–1.98)
CT finding, abnormal vs normal or not performed	0.97 (0.42–2.26)
Analgesics administered in ED, yes vs no	1.53 (1.11–2.11)
Discharge instructions for mTBI, yes vs no	0.80 (0.59–1.10)
Disposition, admitted vs discharged	1.86 (1.32–2.63)
3-mo Follow-up Variables
Interviewee, self vs parent/guardian	1.45 (1.07–1.95)
Analgesics administered at home, yes vs no	1.82 (1.29–2.56)
Days of school missed, >2 vs ≥2	1.96 (1.46–2.64)
In process of/have intent to sue, yes vs no	2.25 (1.65–3.08)

Abbreviations: RR, relative risk. For other abbreviations, see Table 1.