. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Occup Environ Med. 2015 Jun;57(6):676–681. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000424

Table 3.

Differences between farmworkers and non-farmworkers in the amount of changes in cognitive function

	Change in cognitive scores between baseline and 3-month follow-up				Difference in the change of farmworkers and non-farmworkers

	Farmworker		Non-farmworker

Cognitive Function^a	Δ mean ± SD	P-value	Δ mean ± SD	P-value	Difference Δ	P-value^b
HVLT	0.97 ± 0.39	0.01	1.20 ± 0.42	0.01	−0.23 ± 0.58	0.69
HVLT-Delay	0.56 ± 0.23	0.02	0.72 ± 0.25	0.01	−0.17 ± 0.34	0.63
BVMT	1.73 ± 0.55	0.01	2.05 ± 0.50	<0.001	−0.32 ± 0.40	0.01
BVMT-Delay	−0.10 ± 0.21	0.64	0.82 ± 0.23	< 0.01	−0.91 ± 0.32	0.01
DSF	0.20 ± 0.13	0.12	0.32 ± 0.14	0.02	−0.11 ± 0.19	0.56
DSB	0.15 ± 0.14	0.30	0.08 ± 0.15	0.58	0.06 ± 0.21	0.76
LR	−0.39 ± 0.71	0.58	−1.62 ± 0.76	0.03	1.23 ± 1.07	0.25
LA	−0.39 ± 0.67	0.55	−2.04 ± 0.72	0.01	1.65 ± 1.00	0.10
DST	2.95 ± 0.70	< 0.01	5.08 ± 0.75	< 0.01	−2.13 ± 1.04	0.04
GP	−1.89 ± 1.18	0.11	−0.82 ± 1.27	0.52	−1.07 ± 1.76	0.55

Abbreviations used in Table 2: HVLT, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test; BVMT, Brief Visual Memory Test; DSF, Digit Span Forward; DSB, Digit Span Backward; LR, Letter Reading; LA, Letter Alteration; DST, Digit Symbol Test; GP, Grooved Peg.

Models were adjusted for age, education, depressive symptoms, heart disease status, and high blood pressure status.