Figure 4.
Transition states during membrane fusion. Intermediates of the fusion pathway. The top drawings represent intermediate states of the membrane along the pathway as predicted by the elastic theory. Below, snapshots of intermediate states of a simulation of SNARE-mediated fusion are shown, which, although roughly corresponding to the elastic model, differ in detail and in their energy predictions (adapted from ref. 109, courtesy of J. Rissellada and H. Grubmüller).