Table 10.
Resistance of S. neurona sporocysts to chemical and environmental treatments.
| Reagent/condition | Duration | Viabilitya | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5.25% NAOCl (bleach) | 1 hr | Killed | Dubey et al. (2002b) |
| 12.56% phenol (wex-cide) | 6 hr | Live | |
| 2% chlorhexide (Novalsn) | 6 h | Live | |
| 1% iodine (Betadine) | 6 hr | Live | |
| 5% 0-benzyk-p-Chlorphenol (TB-plus) | 6 hr | Live | |
| Formalin 10% | 6 hr | Live | |
| 6% benzyl ammonium Chloride (NPD) | 6 hr | ||
| Amonium hydroxide | |||
| 100% | 1 hr | killed | |
| 10% | 6 hr | Live | |
| Thermal exposure | |||
| 60°C | 1 min | killed | |
| 55°C | 5 min | live | |
| 55°C | 15 min | killed | |
| 50°C | 1 hr | killed | |
| 4°C | 34 months | Live | Elsheika et al.(2004c) |
| 4°C | 44 months | killed |
a
Determined by bioassay in interferon gamma gene knockout (KO) mice.