Table 4.

In vitro cultivation of S. neurona.

Host	year	Tissuea,b	Cell type initial culturec	Strain designation	Reference
Horse	1990	Spinal cord	M617	SN1	Dubey et al. (1991a)
	1990	Spinal cord	M617	SN2	Davis et al. (1991)
	1991	Spinal cord	M617	SN3	Granstrom et al. (1992)
	1991	Spinal cord	M617	SN4	Davis et al. (1991)
	1992	Spinal cord	M617	SN5	Granstrom et al. 1994)
	1998	Spinal cord	M617,Esp	SN6	Dubey et al. (1999a)
	1997	Spinal cord	M617,EK,Esp	SN7	Dubey et al. (2001f)
	1999	Spinal cord	ED (not BT, DT)	SN-MU1,2	Marsh et al. (2001b)
	1994–5	Spinal cord	M617	UCD1,2,3	Marsh et al. (1996, 1997a)
	2009	Brain	Not stated	H1756, H1801	Rejmanek et al. (2010)
	1997–98	Spinal cord or brain	ED	MIH 1-8	Mansfield et al. (2001)
Sea otter		Brain	CV-1,BT	SN-OT1	Lindsay et al.(2000b)
	1999	Brain	MA104	SO SN1	Miller et al. (2001a)
	2009	Brain	MA104	SO1-3	Miller et al. (2009)
		Brain	MA104		Miller et al. (2010)
	2005–2008	Brain	MA104	23 isolatese	Rejmanek et al. (2010)
Pacific harbor seal		Brain, CSF	MA104	HS1	Miller et al. (2001b)
Harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena)	2006	Brain	Not stated	HP060325	Rejmanek et al. (2010)
Raccoon (Procyon lotor)	2001	Muscleb	Not applicable	SN37R	Dubey et al. (2001b); Sofaly et al. (2002)
Cat (Felis catus)	2000	Muscleb	Not applicable	Sn-Mucat-2	Turay et al. (2002b); Butcher et al. (2002)
Armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus)	2000	Muscleb	Not applicable	Not stated	Cheadle et al. (2001c)
Sea otter (Enhydra lutris)	2001	Muscleb	Not applicable	SN-OT-2f	Dubey et al.(2001c)
Brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater)	1999	Muscleb	Not applicable	MICB1	Mansfield et al. (2008)
South American opossum (Didelphis albiventris)	1999	Intestinea	EK,BT	SN35-OP, SN36-OP	Dubey et al. (2001g)
North American opossum (Didelphis virginiana)	1999	Intestinea	ED,M617	SN8 to15OP	Dubey (2000)
		Intestinea	ED,BT,EK,M617	SN16 to34OP	Dubey et al. (2001i)
	2005–2008	Intestinec	MA104	OP 26,48,68,134, 166,187,201,2 12,226,L49,GA 3,GA7,OPBF2	Rejmanek et al. (2010) d

^aBy feeding sporocysts to KO mice, and invitro cultivation from infected tissues of KO mice.

^bBy feeding naturally infected muscle to laboratory-raised opossums, and the bioassay of sporocysts shed into KO mice.

^cBT=bovine turbinate, CV1=African green monkey; DT=deer testes, ED=equine dermal, EK=equine kidney, ESp= equine spleen, M617= bovine monocytes. MA104=monkey kidney.

^dInvitro cultivation directly from sporozoites released from sporocysts.

^eSO 4387, 4413, 4530, 4653, 4697, 4711, 4725, 4755, 4786, 4834, 4928, 4970, 4972, 5002, 5073, 5110, 5226, 5259, 5263, 5274, 5278, 5283, 5296.

^fdesignated here.