Table 1.
Character states for major morphological features of adult Percophis brasiliensis and major lineages of Notothenioidea based on radiographs, ethanol preserved and cleared and stained specimens
| Swim bladder | Floating posterior pleural ribs | Nostrils on each side of head | Pectoral radials | Ecto-pterygoid teeth | Palatine teeth | Ocular choroid rete | Persistent choroid fissure | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percophidae | ||||||||
| Percophis brasiliensis | − | − | 2 | 4 | − | + | + | ?a |
| Bovichtidae | ||||||||
| Bovichtus diacanthus | − | + | 1 | 3 | − | + | + | + |
| B. variegatus | − | + | 1 | 3 | − | + | + | + |
| Cottoperca trigloides | − | + | 1 | 3 | − | + | + | + |
| Halaphritis platycephala b | − | + | 1 | 3 | − | + | ? | ? |
| Pseudaphritidae | ||||||||
| Pseudaphritis urvillii | − | + | 1c | 3 | +d | + | + | − |
| Eleginopsidae | ||||||||
| Eleginops maclovinus | − | + | 1 | 3 | − | − | + | − |
| Nototheniidae | − | + | 1 | 3 | − | − | + or− | −e |
| Other families of Cryonotothenioidea | − | + | 1 | 3 | − | − | −or ± | −e |
Key to symbols and footnotes: +, present; −, absent; ±, vestigial; ?, unknown; aQuality of specimen preservation not sufficient to determine presence/absence; bData from [48] and A.V. Balushkin (personal communication to J.T. Eastman on the presence of floating posterior pleural ribs in Halaphritis); cLarvae of 16.5 mm SL have two nostrils ([76]: p. 64); dIn agreement with ([23] p. 43–44), ectopterygoid teeth were present in the three alizarin-stained specimens we examined; eDistal part of choroid fissure persists in Gobionotothen gibberifrons and Dolloidraco longedorsalis [111]