Fig. (5).

The multifaceted therapeutic approach to AAS abuse evoked neuropathy focuses on “traditional” and new treatment strategies. The first strategy would be to stop the subject from the abuse. Restore normal metabolism and correct nutritional deficiencies is a further fundamental step because drug abuse may cause nutritional insufficiencies. Psychological and family – based support also play and effective role. Another potential strategy is the potential of epigenetic modulation in reducing the risk of developing the drug abuse-evoked encephalopathy. Finally, new therapeutic strategies imply targeting the genomic, metabolic, and mitochondrial dysfunction resulting in increased excitotoxicity, reduced energy production, and lowered antioxidant potential.