Table 1.
Descriptive statistics, baseline values for patients normal at baseline (n = 191)
| All (n = 191) | No Conversion (n = 163) | Conversion to MCI or AD (n = 28) | p value conversion versus no conversion | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 74.5 ± 5.5 | 74.3 ± 5.5 | 75.9 ± 5.2 | 0.16 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 98 (51%) | 82 (50%) | 16 (57%) | 0.50 |
| White, n (%) | 178 (93%) | 155 (95%) | 23 (82%) | 0.01 |
| Years schooling | 16.1 ± 2.7 | 16.1 ± 2.8 | 15.7 ± 2.5 | 0.43 |
| APOE ε4 carriers | 44 (23%) | 37 (23%) | 7 (25%) | 0.79 |
| FAQ ≥ 1 | 18 (9%) | 12 (7%) | 6 (21%) | 0.02 |
| ADAS-cog Total | 6.3 ± 3.0 | 6.1 ± 3.1 | 7.2 ± 2.7 | 0.09 |
| Cognitive tests | ||||
| Mini-cog | 5.3 ± 0.9 | 5.4 ± 0.9 | 5.2 ± 0.9 | 0.27 |
| MMSE | 29.0 ± 1.1 | 29.0 ± 1.1 | 29.2 ± 0.8 | 0.44 |
| ANART, # errors | 9.8 ± 7.9 | 9.4 ± 7.6 | 12.3 ± 9.1 | 0.07 |
| AVLT trial 5 | 11.0 ± 2.4 | 11.2 ± 2.3 | 10.0 ± 2.3 | 0.01 |
| AVLT Short Recall | 8.1 ± 3.2 | 8.4 ± 3.2 | 6.6 ± 2.8 | 0.01 |
| Animal Fluency | 20.2 ± 5.5 | 20.5 ± 5.6 | 18.5 ± 4.7 | 0.07 |
| Trails A (secs) | 35.3 ± 11.8 | 34.8 ± 10.8 | 38.1 ± 16.6 | 0.18 |
| Trails B (secs) | 86.1 ± 42.1 | 84.7 ± 42.5 | 94.2 ± 39.4 | 0.28 |
| Logical memory | ||||
| Immediate | 13.8 ± 3.4 | 14.1 ± 3.3 | 12.3 ± 3.5 | 0.01 |
| Delayed | 13.0 ± 3.4 | 13.3 ± 3.2 | 11.2 ± 4.0 | 0.00 |
| Boston Naming | 27.9 ± 2.3 | 28.1 ± 2.2 | 26.9 ± 2.8 | 0.02 |
| Brain volume measures | ||||
| Whole-brain (mm3) | 1,059,037 ± 106,185 | 1,060,978 ± 107,004 | 1,047,738 ± 102,419 | 0.55 |
| Ventricle (mm3) | 35956 ± 19092 | 35233 ± 18900 | 40167 ± 20006 | 0.21 |
| L.Hippocampus (mm3) | 3618 ± 412 | 3631 ± 414 | 3546 ± 402 | 0.32 |
| R.Hippocampus (mm3) | 3670 ± 446 | 3688 ± 434 | 3564 ± 502 | 0.17 |
| Cerebrospinal fluid | ||||
| tau (pg/mL) | 71.4 ± 30.7 | 69.5 ± 30.3 | 82.3 ± 31.3 | 0.04 |
| p-tau (pg/mL) | 23.5 ± 11.6 | 22.8 ± 10.8 | 27.3 ± 15.1 | 0.06 |
| Aβ42 (pg/mL) | 218.4 ± 63.6 | 221.9 ± 63.5 | 197.5 ± 61.4 | 0.06 |
| tau/Aβ42 ratio | 0.38 ± 0.26 | 0.36 ± 0.25 | 0.48 ± 0.30 | 0.03 |
| p-tau/Aβ42 ratio | 0.13 ± 0.10 | 0.12 ± 0.09 | 0.17 ± 0.16 | 0.01 |
AD, Alzheimer’s disease; ADAS-Cog, Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale; ANART, American National Adult Reading Test; AVLT, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test; FAQ, Functional Activities Questionnaire; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; MMSE, Mini-Mental Status Exam.