Table 1.
-Characteristics of the 7 studies included in the review.
| Study | Year | Study type | Participants | Controls | Treatment | Birth defects |
| Andersen et al. | 2013 | Cohort | 1,661 women treated with PTU or MMI159 women who shifted between MMI and PTU treatment | 811,730 women without hyperthyroidism3,543 women not receiving any ATD1,066 women without hyperthyroidism | Treated with antithyroid medication in early pregnancy | Urinary system malformation, malformations in the face and neck region, choanal atresia, esophageal atresia |
| Chen et al. | 2011 | Case-control | 703 women treated with PTU or MMI | 14,150 women without hyperthyroidism2,127 women not receiving any ATD | Treated with PTU or MMI for at least 30 days | Cleft lip and palate, limb defects, heart defects, Down syndrome, hypospadias |
| Korelitz et al. | 2012 | Case-control | 1,023 women treated with PTU or MMI126 women who shifted between MMI and PTU treatment | 634,858 women without hyperthyroidism5,932 women not receiving any ATD | Prescription (PTU or MMI) filled within the last 6 months of pregnancy | Congenital anomalies of the eye, complex heart anomalies, atrial ventricular septal defects, anomalies of the respiratory system, anomalies of the congenital organs |
| Rosenfeld et al. | 2009 | Cohort | 80 women treated with PTU | 1,066 women without hyperthyroidism | Treated with PTU between 4 and 13 weeks of gestation | Developmental dysplasia of the hip |
| Yoshihara et al. | 2012 | Case-control | 2,630 women treated with PTU or MMI | 1,906 women not receiving any ATD | Treated with PTU or MMI during the first trimester | Aplasia cutis congenital, omphalocele, symptomatic omphalomesenteric duct anomaly |
| Wing et al. | 1994 | Case-control | 135 women treated with PTU or MMI | 43 women not receiving any ATD99 women without hyperthyroidism | Treated with PTU or MMI | Severe pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus |
| Momotani et al. | 1984 | Case-control | 117 women treated with MMI | 350 women without hyperthyroidism | Treated with MMI during the first trimester | Malformation of the ear lobe, omphalocele, imperforate anus, anencephaly, harelip, polydactyly |